“…Island based Genetic Algorithm (Lardeux & Goëffon, 2010;Rahman, Ś l ßezak, & Wróblewski, 2005;Skolicki & De Jong, 2004;Whitley et al, 1997), Island based Differential Evolution (Kushida et al, 2013;Thein, 2014), Island based Ant Colony (Michel & Middendorf, 1998), and Island based Particle Swarm Optimization (Romero & Cotta, 2005) are but few examples of methods that successfully incorporate their frameworks with island model concepts. Furthermore, the sensitivity of island-based methods to their parameters (number of islands, migration interval and migration frequency) have been well studied to show their effect on the convergence and their optimal values to improve the performance (Skolicki & De Jong, 2005;Tomassini, 2005).…”