“…LGBTQI+ individuals and groups pragmatically addressing the role of marginal sexualities in migration (e.g., Tschalaer, 2019;Peumans, 2018), detailed studies of radical organisation and thought (e.g., Inge, 2017;Nesser, 2015), the history of Muslim minorities -the Ahmadiyyas (e.g., Balzani, 2020;Jonker, 2016), the Alevis (e.g., Özkul & Markussen, 2022) and the Ismailis (e.g., Magout, 2020), early migration history in various countries (e.g., Sorgenfrei, 2018), discussion of minority law (e.g., Bowen, 2016), Islamophobia, complemented by whiteness and the racialisation of Muslims (e.g., Jakku, 2018) and, finally, the development of new Islamic ideas (e.g., Hashas, 2019;van Bruinessen & Allievi, 2011). *** As in former periods, there was a considerable emphasis on religion in relation to other social structures, and less on changes in religious organisations and religious practices, with some exceptions (e.g., Soeffner & Zifonun, 2016;Jeldtoft, 2012), discussed further in Part Three.…”