Islamic soda-ash glasses in the Christian kingdoms of Asturias and León (Spain)

Ares, Jorge de Juan; Calderón, Noelia Fernández; López, Iván Muñiz; Álvarez-Busto, Alejandro García; Schibille, Nadine

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.09.026

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…( B ) Elements associated with the silica (Al, Fe) and lead component (Ag, Ba, Bi) reflect different raw materials. Data sources: smoothers, ( 29 ); Iberian soda ash lead glasses, ( 14 , 27 , 33 ); central European potash lead glasses, ( 31 , 34 – 37 ); Islamic lead silica glasses, ( 38 ); ceramic glazes from Cordoba, ( 39 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the 10th century, the glassmaking tradition was well established in the Iberian Peninsula. Soda ash lead glasses as well as Iberian plant ash glasses have been identified among the glass assemblages from 10th- to 12th-century Vascos ( 27 ), from 11th- to 13th-century Murcia ( 61 ), and from the Christian territories in the north of Spain in Gauzón ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Schibille

Ares

García

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates glass finds from the Iberian Peninsula as a proxy for identifying the mechanisms underlying technological transformations and innovation in the wake of the Arab conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries CE. High-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data combined with lead isotope analyses of a precisely dated (mid-eighth century to 818 CE) glass assemblage from the Rabad of Šaqunda in Cordoba, capital of Umayyad Spain, enabled us to trace the origins of an Iberian glassmaking industry and to unambiguously link it to the exploitation of local raw materials. The analytical data reveal increased recycling, some isolated imports of Islamic plant ash glasses from Mesopotamia, and, most notably, the development of a new type of glassmaking technology that resorted to the use of lead slag from silver and lead mining and processing in the region around Cordoba. The production of this type of lead glass from Šaqunda was short-lived and was subsequently refined by introducing additional fluxing agents. The technological innovation of Islamic glassmaking in Spain evidently drew inspiration from adjacent high-temperature technologies. The revival of glass and the development of a local glassmaking tradition was indirectly related to the wider processes of Islamization, such as the introduction of glazed ceramics that are compositionally related to the lead glasses from Šaqunda.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Schibille

Ares

García

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering their archaeological context (see Materials paragraph), the samples of this group have been dated between the 12 th and the 13 th century AD. As stated above, numerous studies (De Juan Ares et al, 2018;Henderson, McLoughlin, & McPhail, 2004;Henderson, Chenery, Faber, & Kröger, 2016;Phelps et al, 2016;Schibille et al, 2019) showed that, towards the end of the first millennium AD, the fluxing agents changed gradually from natron to plant ashes, rich in potassium in central Europe and rich in sodium in the eastern Mediterranean. The chemical results of the samples presented here indicate that the samples of the second group can be classified as "vegetable silica soda lime glass" (see Figure 4a).…”

Section: Second Groupmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In particular, potassium-rich plant ashes were preferred in central Europe and soda rich plant ashes in the eastern Mediterranean (De Juan Ares et al, 2018 and reference therein). At the same time, lead-rich glasses appeared in Europe and in the Islamic east (De Juan Ares et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The chemical results of the samples presented here indicate that the samples of the second group can be classified as "vegetable silica soda lime glass" (see Figure 4a). However, within the soda-rich plant ash glasses the different magnesium and potassium contents have been associated with different glassmaking traditions (De Juan Ares et al, 2018). The plant ash glasses, considering their chemical features, can be subdivided into Mediterranean (Egypt, Syria-Palestine) and Mesopotamian (De Juan Ares et al, 2018).…”

Section: Second Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical Characterization of Vitreous Finds from Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria – Italy) by the Combined Use of Analytical Techniques

Barca

Papparella

2020

Open Archaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AbstractThis article presents an archaeometrical research carried out on twenty-six vitreous finds collected in the Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria, Italy). The glasses have been subdivided in two typo-chronological groups. The first group is composed of 14 vitreous samples dating to the 4th–6th century AD. The second group includes twelve samples; seven are stems of funnel-shaped hanging lamps which date between the 12th and the 13th century AD, two are bottlenecks of balsamaria and three are concave bases. The aims of this study were the determination of the chemical composition of vitreous finds and the individuation of the primary glass sources. The samples were characterized through Electron Probe Micro Analyser with Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) and Laser Ablation with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The data confirm that all the finds of the first group are “silica-soda-lime” type glasses characterized by a high content of Na2O and a low content of K2O and MgO. On the contrary, the samples of the second group, showing higher contents of K2O and MgO, are vegetable silica-soda-lime glasses. Their composition confirms the typological attribution to the medieval period.

show abstract

Early Islamic Lead Glass

SCHIBILLE

2024

Lead in Glassy Materials in Cultural Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Islamic soda-ash glasses in the Christian kingdoms of Asturias and León (Spain)

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Chemical Characterization of Vitreous Finds from Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria – Italy) by the Combined Use of Analytical Techniques

Early Islamic Lead Glass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About