ISI-Aware Channel Code Design for Molecular Communication via Diffusion

Abstract

In molecular communication via diffusion, information molecules diffusing in the environment are subject to Brownian motion. Due to probabilistic propagation, the arrival of the molecules at the receiver is spread in time, leading to the reception of some molecules belonging to the previous symbol(s) during the upcoming symbol duration. Known as inter-symbol interference (ISI), this problem has been extensively studied in the literature by applying a large spectrum of techniques, mostly inspired by approaches in the wireless communication domain including channel coding techniques. Unfortunately, many known channel codes do not perform well in the molecular communications domain since the diffusion channel features a significant memory component. In this paper, novel methods for channel coding by incorporating the effect of ISI in the design of the channel codes for the molecular diffusion channel are proposed. The results show that the proposed methods provide significant improvements in performance in terms of codeword error rate.

Modified Inverse Source Coding for Diffusion Based Molecular Communication System

“…The value of p that maximizes (11) is determined by differentiating (11) and equating it to zero. It is found that its value is p = 1/I.…”

“…An energy efficient coding technique for MC was introduced in [10]. An ISI-aware channel coding technique that incorporates the effect of ISI in channel code design for DBMC channel was proposed in [11].…”

Molecular Communication Aspects of Potassium Intracellular Signaling in Cardiomyocytes

“…A binomial distribution B(n, p) can be approximated with a normal distribution N (np, np(1 − p)), when n is greater than 50 [25], [44]. Since in the considered scenario n is significantly higher than 50, as shown in Figure 8a, eq.…”

“…In that scenario, the communication is based on pheromone transmission using unspecified molecules which diffuse through the blood medium, where the propagation distance is larger than the length of a single cell [20], [21]. We describe the potassium ion propagation within the cardiomyocyte cytosol with the diffusion-based MC models [22]- [25] and ground this study on the system model presented in [23]. We assume that 1) the potassium ion transmitter is a point source which integrates the ions transmitted via gap junctions from the neighboring cells and/or externally injected ions (e.g., via electrophoresis), 2) the potassium ions movement in the intracellular space can be characterized by the diffusion law, and 3) the potassium ion receiver absorbs or accumulates the ions.…”

ISI-Mitigating Channel Codes for Molecular Communication Via Diffusion

“…The authors also showed that their coding gain can be increased by re-defining according to this distance metric, the decoding region of Hamming codes. In [24], the authors considered transition probability for each codeword to another; they also introduce several heuristics and a mixed integer programming model to produce codebooks that are minimizing the transition probabilities is introduced. In this work, it was shown that the designed codebooks achieve, for high data rates, a considerably low BER performance.…”