Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the <scp>anti‐inflammatory</scp> role of melatonin

Yawoot, Nuttapong; Govitrapong, Piyarat; Tocharus, Chainarong; Tocharus, Jiraporn

doi:10.1002/biof.1690

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Melatonin is involved in many physiological processes, as summarized comprehensively ( 37 , 38 ). In particular, this includes growth modulation and reproduction ( 39 ), immune regulation ( 40 – 43 ), anti-inflammation ( 44 – 47 ), antioxidative protection ( 48 – 51 ) and antioncogenic action ( 52 , 53 ). Meanwhile, increasing evidence has accumulated for remarkable antibacterial actions of melatonin, including protection against damage by bacterial infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriostatic Potential of Melatonin: Therapeutic Standing and Mechanistic Insights

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria in animals (e.g., bacterial pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis) and plants (e.g., bacterial wilt, angular spot and canker) lead to high prevalence and mortality, and decomposition of plant leaves, respectively. Melatonin, an endogenous molecule, is highly pleiotropic, and accumulating evidence supports the notion that melatonin’s actions in bacterial infection deserve particular attention. Here, we summarize the antibacterial effects of melatonin in vitro, in animals as well as plants, and discuss the potential mechanisms. Melatonin exerts antibacterial activities not only on classic gram-negative and -positive bacteria, but also on members of other bacterial groups, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protective actions against bacterial infections can occur at different levels. Direct actions of melatonin may occur only at very high concentrations, which is at the borderline of practical applicability. However, various indirect functions comprise activation of hosts’ defense mechanisms or, in sepsis, attenuation of bacterially induced inflammation. In plants, its antibacterial functions involve the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway; in animals, protection by melatonin against bacterially induced damage is associated with inhibition or activation of various signaling pathways, including key regulators such as NF-κB, STAT-1, Nrf2, NLRP3 inflammasome, MAPK and TLR-2/4. Moreover, melatonin can reduce formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), promote detoxification and protect mitochondrial damage. Altogether, we propose that melatonin could be an effective approach against various pathogenic bacterial infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriostatic Potential of Melatonin: Therapeutic Standing and Mechanistic Insights

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Melatonin is shown to attenuate the inflammatory response in the brain and peripheral tissues in patients with obesity [ 176 , 177 ]. Above all, melatonin relieves inflammation and subsequently improves the systemic inflammatory state following obesity [ 178 ], mainly owing to its role in the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 179 ], such as leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [ 22 , 36 ]. The impact of melatonin in downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to multiple antioxidant functions [ 109 ], ROS inhibition, downregulation of neuronal NO synthases and COX-2, upregulation of Nrf2, inhibition of inflammasome NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), and NF-κB activation [ 180 ].…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Melatonin In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review

Guan

Wang

Cao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.

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“…Besides this very important function, melatonin also plays a role in many other biological processes, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and participating in free radical scavenging [ 22 ]. Furthermore, melatonin is also able to ameliorate weight gain, reducing body fat accumulation and, thus, diminishing the deleterious effects of obesity and its inflammatory profile [ 24 ]. Melatonin exerts its multiple actions by interacting with several receptors, including the opioid, benzodiazepine, muscarinic, nicotinic, serotonergic, α1-adrenergic, and α2-adrenergic receptors at multiple central nervous system levels [ 22 ].…”

Section: Melatonin and Tthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nutraceutical Ingredient Combinations in the Management of Tension-Type Headaches with or without Sleep Disorders

Curatolo

Moavero

2021

Nutrients

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Headache is the most common pain complaint in the pediatric population, with tension type headache (TTH) having a prevalence of 10–15% in children. Up to 70% of pediatric patients with chronic headache also experience sleep disruption, with a likely bidirectional relationship between headache and poor sleep. Treatment options include specific pharmacological approaches as well as non-pharmacological alternatives; nutraceuticals have the advantage of a relative lack of side effects. Exogenous melatonin has been shown to be useful and safe in improving sleep-wake cycles and quality of sleep in children, helping to regulate the circadian rhythm, with a secondary positive impact on headache. Supplementation with other nutraceutical ingredients, such as tryptophan, magnesium, and B vitamins, can have significant additional effects in children with primary headache, with or without sleep disorders. Tryptophan may reduce night awakenings and improve the efficiency of sleep. Primary headache has been related to low amounts of magnesium in serum, and integration with magnesium appears to be effective in reducing headache attacks without adverse effects. There are different observational reports and uncontrolled studies suggesting a possible synergistic effect for these nutraceuticals, but there is now a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials in order to confirm these positive preliminary findings.

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Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti‐inflammatory role of melatonin

Cited by 42 publications

References 153 publications

Bacteriostatic Potential of Melatonin: Therapeutic Standing and Mechanistic Insights

Bacteriostatic Potential of Melatonin: Therapeutic Standing and Mechanistic Insights

Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review

Use of Nutraceutical Ingredient Combinations in the Management of Tension-Type Headaches with or without Sleep Disorders

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