Ischemic Stroke and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Bidirectional Pathology and Risk Morbidities

Abstract

Stroke is a fatal morbidity that needs emergency medical admission and immediate medical attention. COVID-19 ischemic brain damage is closely associated with common neurological symptoms, which are extremely difficult to treat medically, and risk factors. We performed literature research about COVID-19 and ischemia in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus for this current narrative review. We discovered parallel manifestations of SARS-CoV-19 infection and brain ischemia risk factors. In published papers, we discovered a similar but complex pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke pathology. A patient with other systemic co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, or any respiratory disease, has a fatal combination in intensive care management when infected with SARS-CoV-19. Furthermore, due to their shared risk factors, COVID-19 and stroke are a lethal combination for medical management to treat. In this review, we discuss shared pathophysiology, adjuvant risk factors, challenges, and advancements in stroke-associated COVID-19 therapeutics.

Cerebral microvascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: How did it occur and how should it be treated?

“…On the other hand, activation of inflammatory pathways contributes to atherosclerosis and affects plaque stability, which acts as the best source of thrombosis [134] , [163] . Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction due to enhanced the inflammatory and oxidative conditions might also lead to platelet destruction and an increased risk of death [164] . Consistent with these findings, several reports have been shown that patients with COVID-19-related ischemic stroke not only have developed large vessel occlusions but also small vessel occlusions can be associated with ischemic stroke injury, which often involves older patients [110] , [165] , [166] .…”

Spinal Vascular Shunts: Single-Center Series and Review of the Literature of Their Classification

“…In this cohort, surgical and endovascular approaches were compared, and the results showed a clear advantage for surgical treatment, both in the success rate and in the number of complications [ 65 ]. Similarly, when the endovascular treatments of dural AVFs of the foramen magnum (FM AFVs) and CCJ AVFs were compared, the latter had a lower rate of occlusion and more ischemic complications [ 66 , 67 ]. The embolizing substance used in all our patients was Histoacryl.…”

Health Problems of Students during Distance Learning in Central and Eastern Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study of Poland and Ukraine

“…According to the UN report, vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by COVID-19 and pose a risk of a “quarantine generation”, meaning young people whose health and other aspects of life are strongly affected by the pandemic. Not only health-related ones, as in the case of patients with co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, or any respiratory disease that are especially in danger when infected with SARS-CoV-19 [ 77 ], but also different spheres that concern young people, such as the long transition from education to employment, higher unemployment, the closure of SMEs owned by young people, social disunity and marginalization of young people, especially those living within conflict regions of Ukraine [ 78 ]. That is, we are talking about economic aspects in the pandemic period, but the connection between the economic situation and health is indisputable, says Olga Kuharuk [ 79 ].…”