Ischemic preconditioning reduces the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury of peripheral nerve in rats

Abstract

Background and aimAllow for protection of briefly ischemic tissues against the harmful effects of subsequent prolonged ischemia is a phenomennon called as Ischemic Preconditioning (IP). IP has not been studied in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of peripheral nerve before. We aimed to study the effects of acute IP on I/R injury of peripheral nerve in rats.Method70 adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups in part 1 experimentation and 3 groups in part 2 experimentation. A rat model of severe nerve ischemia which was produced by tying iliac arteries and all idenfiable anastomotic vessels with a silk suture (6-0) was used to study the effects of I/R and IP on nerve biochemistry. The suture technique used was a slip-knot technique for rapid release at time of reperfusion in the study. Cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration was also histopathologically evaluated by light microscopic examination in sciatic nerves of rats at 7th day in part 2 study.Results3 hours of Reperfusion resulted in an increase in nerve malondialdehyde levels when compared with ischemia and non-ischemia groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 respectively). IP had significantly lower nerve MDA levels than 3 h reperfusion group (p < 0.001). The differences between ischemic, IP and non-ischemic control groups were not significant (p > 0.05). There was also a significant decrease in vacoular degeneration of sciatic nerves in IP group than I/R group (p < 0.05).ConclusionIP reduces the severity of I/R injury in peripheral nerve as shown by reduced tissue MDA levels at 3 th hour of reperfusion and axonal vacoulization at 7 th postischemic day.

Octreotide protects ovary against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats: Evaluation of histological and biochemical parameters

“…found that the microvascular clamp model was ineffective for vascular occlusion because of the delicate vascular structures of the rat ovaries . In another study, slip‐knot technique was found to be more effective compared with microvascular clamp in a rat model of peripheral nerve I/R injury . Although this technique may have some advantages including rapid release at the time of reperfusion without disruption of the pedicles and achieving complete vascular occlusion, the present method was also used in many I/R models.…”

Sildenafil Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Ovary: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

“…It was shown that the slip-knot technique was more effective compared with the microvascular clamp model in rat ovaries for an I/R injury study of peripheral nerves. Also, this technique had some advantages including rapid release at the time of reperfusion without disrupting the pedicles and achieving complete vascular occlusion [25]. Therefore, we preferred the slip-knot technique in the present rat ovary I/R injury study.…”

PDLLA/PRGD/β‐TCP conduits build the neurotrophin‐rich microenvironment suppressing the oxidative stress and promoting the sciatic nerve regeneration

“…Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the main causes of neural damage after injury. Recent study shows that the oxidative stress led to the functional recovery retardation in the peripheral nerve, which is characterized with the increased levels of free oxygen radicals . Previous studies both in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that neurotrophins, including NGF, can change the expressions of certain antioxidant enzymes .…”

“…Recent study shows that the oxidative stress led to the functional recovery retardation in the peripheral nerve, 7 which is characterized with the increased levels of free oxygen radicals. 18,19 Previous studies both in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that neurotrophins, including NGF, can change the expressions of certain antioxidant enzymes. 20,21 Therefore, we seek to examine the relationship between the oxidative stress and the microenvironment with different conduits after injury, and identify its effects on the nerve regeneration.…”