Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Loss of Knee Extensor Torque Complexity with Fatigue

Pethick, Jamie; Casselton, Charlotte; Winter, Samantha L.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002475

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Secondly, it has also been pointed out that central mechanisms, such as motor unit synchronization and firing rate, affect the loss of complexity. Different studies in this review agree that one of the main mechanisms that may affect this complexity loss is in MU recruitment (Lin et al, 2014;Pethick et al, 2015;Pethick et al, 2018b;Cruz-Montecinos et al, 2018;Pethick et al, 2019a;Pethick et al, 2019b;Pethick et al, 2021a;Pethick et al, 2021a). This is consistent with other studies that have linked changes in organization and activity of MUs to changes in "motor output" fluctuations (Taylor et al, 2003;Adam and De Luca, 2005;Madeleine and Farina, 2008;Skurvydas et al, 2010).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Involved In the Loss Of Complexitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Seventeen studies showed a significant decrease in complexity in all variables in which NLTs were used in the development of fatigue ( Pethick et al, 2015 ; Vázquez et al, 2016 ; Bastida-Castillo et al, 2017 ; Pethick et al, 2018a ; Pethick et al, 2018b ; Cruz-Montecinos et al, 2018 ; Pethick et al, 2019a ; Pethick et al, 2019c ; Jiang et al, 2019 ; Guzmán-González et al, 2020 ; Hollman et al, 2020 ; Pethick et al, 2020 ; Tyagi et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ; Chatain et al, 2021 ; Pethick et al, 2021c ; Oliveira et al, 2022 ). One study ( Pethick et al, 2021a ) reported a decrease in complexity when the contraction was performed at angles of 60° and 90° at the knee, but not at 30°. Five studies showed different relationships between complexity and fatigue depending on the intensity of the fatigue protocol, the NLTs used, the signal processing or the variable analyzed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of non-linear tools to analyze the variability of force production as an index of fatigue: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Background: Fatigue is a process that results in a decreased ability to produce force, and which could eventually affect performance and increase the risk of injury. Force variability analysis has been proposed to describe the level of fatigue with the purpose of detecting the development of fatigue. Variability is credited to play a functional and adaptive role through which the components of a system self-organize to solve a motor problem. Non-linear tools have been applied to analyze the variability of physiological signals, revealing that the structure of motor fluctuations provides relevant information about the functional role of variability. It has been suggested that the presence of lower complexity in the variability structure could reveal a less functional and adaptative state (e.g., ageing or illness). In the last years, an increased number of studies have applied these techniques to force variability analysis in relation to fatigue.Objective: To provide an overview of the current knowledge on the use of non-linear tools on force variability as a fatigue index.Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed was carried out. Studies included were: a) original studies that analyzed the effect of fatigue on humans during an action focused on force production; b) published studies with their title and abstract in English; c) studies that applied non-linear tools on a signal directly related to force production.Results: Twenty-five studies were included in this review. The relationship between fatigue and the complexity of force variability, the type of action and relative intensity, the nature of the signal and the non-linear tools used, and the methods of data acquisition and processing were identified.Conclusion: The articles reviewed suggest that fatigue leads to a decrease in complexity mostly in isometric contractions, but this is not as clear in dynamic contractions. This fatigue-induced loss of complexity seems to be a result of changes in the nervous system at the central level, albeit triggered by peripheral mechanisms. It should be noted that non-linear tools are affected by the relative intensity of contraction, non-stationarity, and the acquisition and treatment of the signal.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Involved In the Loss Of Complexitysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of non-linear tools to analyze the variability of force production as an index of fatigue: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…Based on the available literature, most studies that measure electromyographical (EMG) activity during IPC-exercise have found no effect on neuromuscular function, regardless of whether performance enhancement was found (Supplementary Table S3). Conversely, acute IPC has been shown to enhance EMG activity and delay neuromuscular fatigue in other reports (Cruz et al, 2015(Cruz et al, , 2016Hyngstrom et al, 2018;Pethick et al, 2021). In some investigations, increases in maximal strength following IPC have been purported to involve increased neuromuscular activity and reduced motor unit recruitment thresholds (Hyngstrom et al, 2018;Durand et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effect Of Ipc On Neurological and Perceptual Responses To Ex...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: A narrative review

O’Brien

Jacobs

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to augment exercise performance, but there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude and frequency of performance improvements. Despite a burgeoning interest in IPC as an ergogenic aid, much is still unknown about the physiological mechanisms that mediate the observed performance enhancing effects. This narrative review collates those physiological responses to IPC reported in the IPC literature and discusses how these responses may contribute to the ergogenic effects of IPC. Specifically, this review discusses documented central and peripheral cardiovascular responses, as well as selected metabolic, neurological, and perceptual effects of IPC that have been reported in the literature.

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“…Similarly, seven days of New Zealand blackcurrant extract supplementation has been demonstrated to decrease knee extensor force CV, in comparison to a placebo, during the latter half of a sustained 120 s contraction at 30% of MVC [72]. Ischaemic pre-conditioning (an intervention consisting of alternating bouts of muscle ischaemia and reperfusion prior to exercise) has also been demonstrated to slow the neuromuscular fatigue-induced decrease in muscle force complexity (ApEn, DFA α), but not the increase in the magnitude of fluctuations (SD, CV) [73]. Further research into the effects of ergogenic aids on the fatigue-induced loss of force control is warranted.…”

Section: Ergogenic Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuromuscular Fatigue-Induced Loss of Muscle Force Control

Pethick

Tallent

2022

Sports

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Neuromuscular fatigue is characterised not only by a reduction in the capacity to generate maximal muscle force, but also in the ability to control submaximal muscle forces, i.e., to generate task-relevant and precise levels of force. This decreased ability to control force is quantified according to a greater magnitude and lower complexity (temporal structure) of force fluctuations, which are indicative of decreased force steadiness and adaptability, respectively. The “loss of force control” is affected by the type of muscle contraction used in the fatiguing exercise, potentially differing between typical laboratory tests of fatigue (e.g., isometric contractions) and the contractions typical of everyday and sporting movements (e.g., dynamic concentric and eccentric contractions), and can be attenuated through the use of ergogenic aids. The loss of force control appears to relate to a fatigue-induced increase in common synaptic input to muscle, though the extent to which various mechanisms (afferent feedback, neuromodulatory pathways, cortical/reticulospinal pathways) contribute to this remains to be determined. Importantly, this fatigue-induced loss of force control could have important implications for task performance, as force control is correlated with performance in a range of tasks that are associated with activities of daily living, occupational duties, and sporting performance.

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Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Loss of Knee Extensor Torque Complexity with Fatigue

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

The use of non-linear tools to analyze the variability of force production as an index of fatigue: A systematic review

The use of non-linear tools to analyze the variability of force production as an index of fatigue: A systematic review

Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: A narrative review

The Neuromuscular Fatigue-Induced Loss of Muscle Force Control

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