Ischemic Pre-Conditioning Enhances the Mobilization and Recruitment of Bone Marrow Stem Cells to Protect Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Late Phase

Abstract

Cardioprotection was observed in the early and late phases of IPC; however, the enhanced mobilization and recruitment of BMSCs played an important role in the late phase of IPC.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell treatment for autoimmune diseases: a critical review

“…The panel of regulatory and trophic factors secreted by MSCs include a large number of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. This MSC secretome was shown to be responsive to stress, including physiological changes (hypoxia or anoxia), small molecule stimulation and cytokine treatments (Kamota et al, 2009). Despite the absence of in vivo profi ling of the MSC secretome and its response to disease, current MSC-based therapies have shown results largely related to a paracrine eff ect.…”

Cardioprotection Techniques: Preconditioning, Postconditioning and Remote Con-ditioning (Basic Science)

“…In human volunteers, repeated episodes over one month of remote ischemic preconditioning induced by brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion of the arm, has been reported to be associated with an increase in circulating EPC's and improved endothelial function [256], but the contribution of the EPC's to these beneficial endothelial effects are unclear. In a subsequent study, Kamota and coworkers [257] demonstrated using an in vivo murine model that IPC induced by brief cycles of occlusion and reperfusion of the aorta (remote preconditioning stimulus) had several beneficial effects 24 hours later including reduced myocardial infarct size, preserved LV ejection fraction, augmented peripheral circulating levels of CD34+ and flk-1+ bone marrow stem cells (BMSC), increased myocardial targeting to the ischemic risk zone of GFP-tagged BMSC. The IPC stimulus was reported to increase levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 [257].…”

“…In a subsequent study, Kamota and coworkers [257] demonstrated using an in vivo murine model that IPC induced by brief cycles of occlusion and reperfusion of the aorta (remote preconditioning stimulus) had several beneficial effects 24 hours later including reduced myocardial infarct size, preserved LV ejection fraction, augmented peripheral circulating levels of CD34+ and flk-1+ bone marrow stem cells (BMSC), increased myocardial targeting to the ischemic risk zone of GFP-tagged BMSC. The IPC stimulus was reported to increase levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1 [257]. Crucially, using antibodies to abrogate the IPC-induced elevation and targeting of BMSC, also abolished the cardioprotective benefit.…”

“…Crucially, using antibodies to abrogate the IPC-induced elevation and targeting of BMSC, also abolished the cardioprotective benefit. Clearly, the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective benefits of BMSC are unclear but over a relatively short time interval (24 hours) [257], the release of cardioprotective humoral factors by BMSC into the infarcted myocardium would seem a possible explanation.…”

Cytoprotection and Preconditioning for Stem Cell Therapy

“…The mobilizing and homing effect of IPC was subsequently illustrated on other cell types such as MSCs and HSCs using a clinically relevant porcine myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury experimental model (Gyongyosi et al, 2010). Excitingly, Kamota et al showed that preconditioning applied on the abdominal aorta can also increase the accumulation of bone marrow-derived sca-1 + and c-kit + stem cells in infarcted hearts through a SDF-1/CXCR4-dependent mechanism, thus protecting the hearts against injury (Kamota et al, 2009). This finding is clinically important as it supported the translation of the non-invasive strategy of remote IPC into clinical practise.…”