Ischemic Infarction of Cerebral Cortex in a Child with Scorpion Sting Envenomation

Prasad, Rajniti; Suri, S; Shambhavi, .; Mishra, Om P.

doi:10.1007/s12098-013-1028-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All of these events are consistent to what has already been described for other scorpion toxins [11,25,51,52], and they are in accordance with the ability of scorpion toxins to act on ion channels, modifying their functioning. Similar convulsive effects are found in clinical cases of severe envenomation worldwide [53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Tb1, a Neurotoxin from Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom, Induces Epileptic Seizures by Increasing Glutamate Release

Beraldo-Neto

Freitas

Pimenta

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Here, we report the neurotoxic effects aroused by the intracerebral injection (in rats) of Tb1, which is a neurotoxin isolated from Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom. Biochemical analyses have demonstrated that this toxin is similar to the gamma toxin from T. serrulatus, which is a β-scorpion toxin that acts on sodium channels, causing the activation process to occur at more hyperpolarized membrane voltages. Male Wistar rats were stereotaxically implanted with intrahippocampal electrodes and cannulas for electroencephalographic recording and the evaluation of amino acid neurotransmitters levels. Treated animals displayed behavioral and electroencephalographic alterations similar to epileptiform activities, such as myoclonus, wet dog shakes, convulsion, strong discharges, neuronal loss, and increased intracerebral levels of glutamate. Scorpion toxins are important pharmacological tools that are widely employed in ion channel dysregulation studies. The current work contributes to the understanding of channelopathies, particularly epilepsy, which may originate, among other events, from dysfunctional sodium channels, which are the main target of the Tb1 toxin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Tb1, a Neurotoxin from Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom, Induces Epileptic Seizures by Increasing Glutamate Release

Beraldo-Neto

Freitas

Pimenta

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…14 Neurological complications are well-recognized manifestations of scorpion stings in Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, India, and Venezuela. 5,[7][8][9]15,16 Cerebral infarcts usually manifest more than 48 to 72 hours after the initial scorpion envenomation, 5,15 which was the case of our patient with suspected scorpion sting, who could have had the neurological manifestation as a result of both pathogenic pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic Stroke in a Child after a Probable Scorpion Sting

Naranjo

Carrillo-Villaseñor

D’Suze

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Scorpion stings are common emergencies in the tropics. Species-specific antivenom therapies are available. However, fatalities resulting from scorpion stings remain a public health concern in many settings. Children residing in rural towns and peri-urban areas represent the most vulnerable populations. Delays in the diagnosis of scorpion stings often occur as a result of the non-specific clinical presentations, which then lead to life-threatening complications. We report a 2-year-old Venezuelan boy presenting with acute pancreatitis and pulmonary edema without an identifiable cause 48 hours after his initial symptoms. We administered antivenom therapy when an undetected scorpion sting was suspected. Despite some initial clinical improvement with respect to his acute pancreatitis, pulmonary edema, and coagulation abnormalities, our patient experienced an ischemic stroke. Fortunately, our patient did demonstrate some neurological improvement. Although acute pancreatitis and pulmonary edema are known end-organ damage manifestations of the sting of Tityus in the Americas, our particular case illustrates the risk of ischemic stroke.

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“…Gadwalkar et al [ 38 ] demonstrated a rare case of extensive cerebellar infarction following a scorpion sting caused by the vasculotoxic action of the scorpion venom. Prasad et al [ 39 ] reported a case of ischemic infarction of the cerebral cortex in a child suffering from scorpion envenoming. Sigirci et al [ 40 ] demonstrated cerebellar and cerebral infarctions with corpus callosum involvement and bilateral cerebral atrophy with subdural hemorrhage in an 8-month-old girl stung by a Leiurus quinquestriatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system

Nencioni

Beraldo-Neto

Freitas

et al. 2018

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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In Brazil, the scorpion species responsible for most severe incidents belong to the Tityus genus and, among this group, T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis, T. stigmurus and T. obscurus are the most dangerous ones. Other species such as T. metuendus, T. silvestres, T. brazilae, T. confluens, T. costatus, T. fasciolatus and T. neglectus are also found in the country, but the incidence and severity of accidents caused by them are lower. The main effects caused by scorpion venoms – such as myocardial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema and shock – are mainly due to the release of mediators from the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, some evidence show the participation of the central nervous system and inflammatory response in the process. The participation of the central nervous system in envenoming has always been questioned. Some authors claim that the central effects would be a consequence of peripheral stimulation and would be the result, not the cause, of the envenoming process. Because, they say, at least in adult individuals, the venom would be unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, there is some evidence showing the direct participation of the central nervous system in the envenoming process. This review summarizes the major findings on the effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system, both clinically and experimentally. Most of the studies have been performed with T. serrulatus and T. bahiensis. Little information is available regarding the other Brazilian Tityus species.

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Ischemic Infarction of Cerebral Cortex in a Child with Scorpion Sting Envenomation

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Tb1, a Neurotoxin from Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom, Induces Epileptic Seizures by Increasing Glutamate Release

Tb1, a Neurotoxin from Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom, Induces Epileptic Seizures by Increasing Glutamate Release

Ischemic Stroke in a Child after a Probable Scorpion Sting

Effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system

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