Ischemic heart failure: A review of clinical status and meta-analysis of diagnosis and clinical management methods

Abstract

Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is a life-threatening cardiac condition characterized by systolic dysfunction and reduced cardiac output. It results from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. If left untreated, the condition could lead to disability and death. Medical or revascularization therapy potentially restores cardiac function and improves survival, thus the selection of patients who will benefit from vascularization remains an important clinical target. However, for years, research on IHF therapies lagged behind as the focus was more on functional status of the heart than on etiology. Recently, increased research has provided greater insight into myocardial viability and contributed to new strategies for identifying patients for vascularization. In this review, we aggregate published evidence on IHF definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and clinical management of IHF. The objective is to improve clinical understanding and management of IHF.

Investigating the role of phosphorylated regulatory light chains during heart failure progression

“…Hypertrophy is evident (septal hypertrophy) at 7D post-MI and dilation is dominant at 14D post-MI as the heart is enlarged (Figure 9A). The cardiac anatomical changes that occurs during HF progression varies between individuals due to the underlying complex mechanisms (234). Commonly, as displayed in our results, dilation is seen secondary to hypertrophic events (235,236).…”

Angiopoietins, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure

“…In the setting of chronic ischemia there is often an imbalance between coronary blood flow and augmented demand due to progressive atherosclerosis, especially under stress. This leads over time to hibernation, stunning, and secondary myocardial remodeling, resulting in reduced cardiac output [84].…”

Automatic Continuous CRT Optimization to Improve Hemodynamic Response: An Italian Single-Center Experience

“…Myocardial ischemia may be caused by the obstruction of perfusion via plaque injury, usually in conjunction with thrombosis; endothelial dysfunction; or increased smooth muscle activity. The imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand leads to a weakened myocardium and a reduced ability of the heart to pump increased quantities of blood when the body's metabolic demands increase [18]. In 2016, ischemic heart disease accounted for over half (53%) of all cardiovascular disease deaths, according to the World Health Organization [19].…”