Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Retinal Endothelium by Cyclooxygenase- and Xanthine Oxidase-Derived Superoxide

Nucleoside and nucleobase transporters of primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells: characterization of a novel nucleobase transporter

“…Because hypoxanthine is metabolized to xanthine by xanthine oxidase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced (20). Links have been established between xanthine oxidase-derived ROS and endothelial dysfunction (4,24). Therefore, having a system capable of regulating hypoxanthine levels, before xanthine oxidase-mediated metabolism of hypoxanthine were to occur, may prevent or reduce ROS-induced endothelial dysfunction.…”

Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Central Cardiorespiratory Network Responses to Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

“…Indeed, ROS generation has been described during hypoxia in cardiomyocytes (Vanden Hoek et al 1997), pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (Killilea et al 2000), and PC12 cells (Hohler et al 1999). In contrast, ROS generation is reported during recovery from hypoxia in the forebrain (Lievre et al 2000) nodose ganglion neurons (Yamamoto et al 2003), and endothelial cells (Rieger et al 2002;Therade-Matharan et al 2004). Differences in the period during which ROS are generated may be due to differential expression of cellular antioxidants and/or hypoxia response elements (Li and Jackson 2002;Prabhakar 2001).…”

The Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Protect Mouse Cochlea against Acoustic Injury

“…Although the mechanisms generating ROS in the cochlea after acoustic overexposure have not been clarified. It has been suggested that xanthine oxidase (Seidman et al 1993), mitochondria (Chance et al 1979) and arachidonic cascade (Rieger et al 2002) are generally associated with the production of ROS. AA is oxidized by COX to form PGG2, which is subsequently transformed by hydroperoxidase to form PGH2.…”