Ischemia-Reperfusion

Crawford, Robert S.; Watkins, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5223-4.00006-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…According to Crawford and Watkins, the principles behind this conceptualization 'shape the judicial response to international lawbreaking and the legal obligations which responsible parties thereby acquire'. 136 This emphasis can be observed in the overall structure of the ARIO, wherein the part dealing with the Content of the International Responsibility immediately follows the part that tackles The Internationally Wrongful Act itself.…”

Section: Right To Remedymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accountability Mechanisms of Multilateral Development Banks and the Law of International Responsibility

Lorenzo

2024

ICLQ

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Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are international organizations subject to the law of international responsibility. Yet, the relationship between their accountability mechanisms and the International Law Commission (ILC) Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) remains unclear. Understanding this relationship is essential in fully realizing the right to remedy in the development finance context. A comparative analysis of these legal frameworks clarifies that notwithstanding their different rationale, scope and functions, the two are not normatively conflicting and both serve to control public power. While the accountability mechanisms correct the ARIO's State-centric orientation by granting legal standing to project-affected people, they have their own deficiency concerning the actions they can prescribe to MDBs upon a finding of noncompliance. Highlighting that the MDBs’ mandate to ‘do no harm’ and pursue sustainable development is left unfulfilled by the accountability mechanisms’ deficient remedial function, this article identifies specific ARIO provisions to complement rather than undermine the MDBs’ accountability system. The ARIO's residual character, combined with the proposition that remedies arise not only from wrongful conduct but also from harm suffered by one party due to another's risky activities, justify this complementarity.

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Section: Right To Remedymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accountability Mechanisms of Multilateral Development Banks and the Law of International Responsibility

Lorenzo

2024

ICLQ

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“…Adequate blood supply is a crucial factor in fracture union 5 . In type IIIC tibial fractures, the anterior tibial artery (ATA), posterior tibial artery (PTA), and peroneal artery are often damaged and require immediate revascularization to avoid reperfusion injury 6,7 . After initial management to restore circulation, conversion to definitive internal fixation is best deferred until adequate soft tissue coverage of the tibia and neurovascular structures has occurred and infection has been ruled out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Union, Osteomyelitis, and Amputation Outcomes of Gustilo IIIC Open Tibial Fractures: A Retrospective Study

Chen,

Lien,

Lan

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Surgery

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ObjectiveOpen tibial fractures are frequently encountered in high‐energy traumas and can result in significant complications such as nonunion, osteomyelitis, and even amputation. Among open tibial fractures, Gustilo type IIIC cases are particularly challenging due to the concomitant occurrence of neurovascular injuries and soft tissue defects. This study aimed to assess factors that affect union time and complications in Gustilo IIIC tibial fractures.MethodsPatients who presented at our center with IIIC open tibial fractures from January 2000 to October 2020 were eligible for this retrospective analysis. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, and the timing, number, and type of surgical intervention were documented. Outcomes of interest included union time, occurrence of osteomyelitis, and amputation. We performed univariate analyses including chi‐squared test, Fischer's exact test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal–Wallis test based on the normality of the data and multivariate analyses including Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression analyses.ResultsFifty‐eight patients were enrolled and grouped by fracture healing time; eight had timely union (13.8%); 27 had late union (46.6%); eight had delayed union (13.8%); three had nonunion (5.2%); and 12 underwent amputation (20.7%). Nine fractures (15.5%) were complicated by osteomyelitis. Union time was prolonged in cases of triple arterial injury, distal third fractures, multiple trauma with injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 points, and increased bone defect length. Additionally, a bone gap >50 mm, diabetes mellitus, low body mass index, and triple arterial injury in the lower leg were significant risk factors for amputation. A time from injury to definitive soft tissue coverage of more than 22 days was the major risk factor for osteomyelitis. A scoring system to predict union time was devised and the predicted probability of union within 2 years was stratified based on this score.ConclusionIIIC tibial fractures involving the distal third of the tibia, fractures with bone defects, triple arterial injury, and multiple trauma with ISS ≥16 points demonstrated delayed union, and an effective prediction system for union time was introduced in this study. Early soft tissue coverage can reduce the risk of osteomyelitis. Finally, diabetes and severe bone and soft tissue defects pose a higher risk of amputation.

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Pathophysiology and Management of Limb Compartment Syndromes

Lindström

Wahlgren

2020

Mechanisms of Vascular Disease

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Ischemia-Reperfusion

Cited by 4 publications

References 188 publications

Accountability Mechanisms of Multilateral Development Banks and the Law of International Responsibility

Accountability Mechanisms of Multilateral Development Banks and the Law of International Responsibility

Predicting Union, Osteomyelitis, and Amputation Outcomes of Gustilo IIIC Open Tibial Fractures: A Retrospective Study

Pathophysiology and Management of Limb Compartment Syndromes

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