Ischemia increases the angiogenic potency of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)

Frank, Johannes; Carroll, Camilla; Aaranson, Karen; Ogden, Lazarre; Kim, Michael; Anderson, Gary L.; Swietzer, Laura; Bond, Sheldon J.; Uhl, Eberhard; Barker, John H.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2752(1996)17:8<452::aid-micr7>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…We profiled the proregenerative trophic factors expressed by iPSC‐NPCs via reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and found that the iPSC‐NPCs express SDF‐1α, FGF, GDNF, EPO, and BDNF, VEGF, Ang3, and CXCR4, a receptor of SDF‐1α. These are all major angiogenic and neurotrophic factors that contribute to regeneration after stroke . Western blot analysis of the iPSC‐NPCs further confirmed expression of VEGF, BDNF, Ang3, SDF‐1α, VEGFR‐2, and VEGFR‐3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats

et al. 2014

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Limited treatments are available for perinatal/neonatal stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold therapeutic promise for stroke treatment, but the benefits of iPSC transplantation in neonates are relatively unknown. We hypothesized that transplanted iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) would increase regeneration after stroke. Mouse pluripotent iPSCs were differentiated into neural progenitors using a retinoic acid protocol. Differentiated neural cells were characterized by using multiple criteria and assessments. Ischemic stroke was induced in postnatal day 7 (P7) rats by occluding the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery. iPSC-NPCs (400,000 in 4 ml) were transplanted into the penumbra via intracranial injection 7 days after stroke. Trophic factor expression in the peri-infarct tissue was measured using Western blot analysis. Animals received daily bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections and were sacrificed 21 days after stroke for immunohistochemistry. The vibrissae-elicited forelimb placement test was used to evaluate functional recovery. Differentiated iPSCs expressed mature neuronal markers, functional sodium and potassium channels, and fired action potentials. Several angiogenic and neurogenic trophic factors were identified in iPSC-NPCs. Animals that received iPSC-NPC transplantation had greater expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1-a (SDF-1a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the peri-infarct region. iPSC-NPCs stained positive for neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 14 days after transplantation. iPSC-NPC-transplanted animals showed greater numbers of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/Collagen IV colabeled cells in the peri-infarct area compared with stroke controls and performed better in a sensorimotor functional test after stroke. iPSC-NPC therapy may play multiple therapeutic roles after stroke by providing trophic factors, increasing angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and providing new cells for tissue repair. STEM CELLS 2014;32:3075-3087

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats

et al. 2014

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Vascular Delay and Administration of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Augment Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap Perfusion and Function

Carroll

Stremel

et al. 2000

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery

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Ischemia of the distal latissimus dorsi muscle flap occurs when the entire muscle is acutely elevated. Although this level of ischemia may not be critical if the muscle is to be used as a conventional muscle flap, the ischemia causes decreased distal muscle function if it is used for dynamic muscle flap transfer. This experiment was designed to determine whether or not the administration of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), combined with a sublethal ischemic insult (i.e., vascular delay), would further augment muscle perfusion and function. Both latissimus dorsi muscles of nine canines were subjected to a bipedicle vascular delay procedure immediately followed by thoracodorsal intraarterial injection of 100 microg of bFGF on one side and by intraarterial injection of vehicle on the other. Ten days later, both latissimus dorsi muscles were raised as thoracodorsally based island flaps, with perfusion determined by laser-Doppler fluximetry. The muscles were wrapped around silicone chambers, simulating cardiomyoplasty, and stimulating electrodes were placed around each thoracodorsal nerve. The muscles were then subjected to an experimental protocol to determine muscle contractile function. At the end of the experiment, latissimus dorsi muscle biopsies were obtained for measurement of bFGF expression. The results demonstrated that the administration of 100 microg of bFGF immediately after the vascular delay procedure increases expression of native bFGF. In the distal and middle muscle segments, it also significantly increased muscle perfusion by approximately 20 percent and fatigue resistance by approximately 300 percent. The administration of growth factors may serve as an important adjuvant to surgical procedures using dynamic muscle flap transfers.

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The role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Grant¹,

Afzal²,

Spoerri³

et al. 2004

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

150

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most severe of several ocular complications of diabetes. The earliest clinical signs of DR are microaneurysms and haemorrhages. Later signs include dilated, tortuous irregular veins and retinal non-profusion, leading to retinal ischaemia that ultimately results in neovascularisation. Diabetic macular oedema, which involves the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, also occurs and is responsible for a major part of vision loss, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of DR is very complex. Many biochemical mechanisms have been proposed as explanations for the development and progression of DR. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative injury, microthrombi formation, cell adhesion molecule activation, leukostasis and cytokine activation. Next, ischaemia-mediated overexpression of growth factors and cytokines occurs. These factors include vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, angiopoetin-1 and -2, stromal-derived factor-1, fibroblast growth factor-2 and tumour necrosis factor. Because of the complex interplay between these factors, targeting a single growth factor will be unlikely to result in therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis. These growth factors no doubt act in synergy to mediate the steps of angiogenesis, including protease production, endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. This review attempts to provide an overview of perspectives regarding the pathogenesis of this disease. The focus, however, is on describing the unique features of selected relevant factors and how each growth factor may act in a synergistic manner with other factors.

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Ischemia increases the angiogenic potency of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats

iPSC Transplantation Increases Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Neonatal Rats

Vascular Delay and Administration of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Augment Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap Perfusion and Function

The role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

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