ISCEV standard pattern reversal VEP development: paediatric reference limits from 649 healthy subjects

Abstract

Purpose To establish the extent of agreement for ISCEV standard reference pattern reversal VEPs (prVEPs) acquired at three European centres, to determine any effect of sex, and to establish reference intervals from birth to adolescence. Methods PrVEPs were recorded from healthy reference infants and children, aged 2 weeks to 16 years, from three centres using closely matched but non-identical protocols. Amplitudes and peak times were modelled with orthogonal quadratic and sigmoidal curves, respectively, and two-sided limits, 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, estimated using nonlinear quantile Bayesian regression. Data were compared by centre and by sex using median quantile confidence intervals. The ‘critical age’, i.e. age at which P100 peak time ceased to shorten, was calculated. Results Data from the three centres were adequately comparable. Sex differences were not clinically meaningful. The pooled data showed rapid drops in P100 peak time which stabilised by 27 and by 34 weeks for large and small check widths, respectively. Post-critical-age reference limits were 87–115 ms and 96–131 ms for large and small check widths, respectively. Amplitudes varied markedly and reference limits for all ages were 5–57 μV and 3.5–56 μV for large and small check widths, respectively. Conclusions PrVEP reference data could be combined despite some methodology differences within the tolerances of the ISCEV VEP Standard, supporting the clinical benefit of ISCEV Standards. Comparison with historical data is hampered by lack of minimum reporting guidelines. The reference data presented here could be validated or transformed for use elsewhere.

Generating Synthetic Light‐Adapted Electroretinogram Waveforms Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Classification of Retinal Conditions in Under‐Represented Populations

“…The features of the synthetically derived waveforms closely resembled those of the real natural time-series data with the a-wave, OPs, and b-wave. Synthetic waveform generation could be applied to other ERG signals such as the pattern ERG [ 44 ], the DA cone response (x-wave) [ 45 ], multifocal ERG [ 46 ] and potentially cortical responses [ 47 ].…”

Prognostic value of transient pattern visual evoked potentials in children with cerebral visual impairment

“…The peak time of P100 reduces rapidly in the first 6 to 12 months of life depending on check width. The P100 to a large ISCEV test check width (60′) is within 10% of adult values by 7 months of life, although PRVEPs evoked by smaller checks mature more slowly, for example, the 12′ check width peak time matures by 13 months 15 . The waveforms of transient pattern reversal and appearance VEPs continue to mature into adolescence and older age; however, over the age range and intertest period of this study, the PRVEP amplitudes and peak time produced by large 50′ (and 25′) check widths was stable and allowed longitudinal comparisons 16 …”