Is walkability associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk?

Coffee, Neil; Howard, Natasha; Paquet, Catherine; Hugo, Graeme; Daniel, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.01.009

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Similarly to our study, other investigators have corresponding results [31]. For instance, Coffee et al [26] used geographic information system to test the hypothesis that higher walkability index was associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR) among Australian adults. Their study revealed that a lower CMR score (including hypertension) was associated with higher walkability index.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…There is very scant literature on this field. It has been suggested that research should move beyond evaluating the relationships between the built environment and walking, to chronic disease risk factors and outcomes that relate to walkability as well as more specific characteristics of the built environment [26]. Similarly to our study, other investigators have corresponding results [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Land use mix-diversity was assessed by asking for the time taken to walk from home to various types of stores and facilities, with responses ranging from 1-to 5-minute walking distance (coded as 5) to ≥30-minute walking distance (coded as 1). The land use mixdiversity variables were dichotomized into "≤20 minutes" and "≥21 minutes" for analyses purposes [26]. Higher scores on land use mix-diversity indicated closer average temporal proximity.…”

Section: Blood Pressure Measurement and Definition Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults

Malambo

Kengne

Lambert

et al. 2016

Advances in Epidemiology

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Introduction. The association between perceived built environmental attributes and hypertension among adults has received little attention in an African context. We investigated the association between the perceived built environment and prevalent hypertension in adult South Africans. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted using [2008][2009] Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology data among South African ( = 671) adults aged ≥35 years. Perceived built environment was assessed using the neighborhood environment walkability scale questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as previously diagnosed by a physician, screen-detected hypertension as ≥140/90 mmHg, and a combination of both as any hypertension. Logistic regressions were applied for analyses. Results. In crude logistic regressions, self-reported hypertension was associated with land use mixdiversity, street connectivity, infrastructure for walking/cycling, aesthetics, traffic, and crime. In adjusted model, land use mixdiversity was significantly associated with self-reported hypertension. In similar multivariable models, the direction and magnitude of the effects were mostly similar to the outcomes of "screen-detected hypertension" which was further predicted by perceived lack of safety from traffic. Conclusion. Perceived built environment attributes were significantly associated with hypertension. This has relevance to population-based approaches to hypertension prevention and control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Blood Pressure Measurement and Definition Of Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults

Malambo

Kengne

Lambert

et al. 2016

Advances in Epidemiology

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“…Furthermore, it is important to create high-walkability and supportive environments to promote public health. 24 Urban development is also an important factor in walkable neighborhoods. To increase the WI, the governments should improve resident density, LUM, SC, safety, and socioeconomic status in the local environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Walkability Influence Residents’ Hypertension in Taiwan: An Analysis of Open Government Data

Yen

2017

IJECS

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Non-communicable diseases have become a serious problem worldwide. Disease prevention focuses on modifiable behavioral and environmental features. Walkable or pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods increase residents' physical activity and decrease the risk and mortality of non-communicable diseases. We examined walkability and the distribution of the rate of outpatients with hypertension in each administrative region in Taiwan and analyzed whether differences in walkability affect the rate of outpatients with hypertension. All data were retrieved from open government data in Taiwan and analyzed using ANOVA and the National Geographic Information System. Regions were divided into four levels, according to the standard deviation of the walkability index. There were significant regional differences in the number of outpatients with hypertension. Regions with the most walkability presented the lowest incidence of outpatients with hypertension, significantly less than incidence in the third and the least walkable regions. Thus, the lack of walkable neighborhoods is an important risk factor for hypertension. Walkable neighborhoods should be considered in urban planning and sport-and health-related policies to promote residents' well-being.

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“…These studies have linked sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating patterns to obesity in LMICs [11], as well as the deleterious effects to health from low-quality education [12], poor built environment [13] and social interaction [14]. Empirical research taking the SDH as its lens has helped to discredit the characterisation of NCDs as diseases of affluence, yet its impact on policy is less definite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

Lumagbas

Coleman

Bunders

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in slums has pushed its residents to heightened vulnerability. The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework has been used to understand the social dynamics and impact of NCDs, especially in poorly resourced communities. Whilst the SDH has helped to discredit the characterisation of NCDs as diseases of affluence, its impact on policy has been less definite. Given the multitude of factors that interact in the presentation of NCDs, operationalising the SDH for policies and programmes that account for the contextual complexity of slums has stalled. Objective: To organise the complex networks of relations between SDH in slums so as to identify options for Indian municipal policy that are feasible to implement in the short term. Methods: The study reviews the literature describing SDH in Indian slums, specifically those that establish causal relations between SDH and NCDs. Root cause analysis was then used to organise the identified relations of SDH and NCDs. Results: Although poverty remains the largest structural determinant of health in slums, the multi-dimensional relations between SDH and NCDs are structured around four themes that describe the dynamics of slums, namely scarce clean water, low education, physical (in)activity and transportation. From the reviewed literature, four logic trees visualising the relations between SDH in slums and NCDs were constructed. The logic trees separate symptomatic problems from their more distal causes, and recommendations were formulated based on features of these relationships that are amenable to policy intervention. Conclusion: Root cause analysis provides a means to focus the lens of examination of SDH, as evidenced here for Indian slums. It provides a guide for the development of policies that are grounded in the actual health concerns of people in slums, and takes account of the complex pathways through which diseases are socially constituted.

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Is walkability associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk?

Cited by 70 publications

References 52 publications

Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults

Association between Perceived Built Environment and Prevalent Hypertension among South African Adults

Differences in Walkability Influence Residents’ Hypertension in Taiwan: An Analysis of Open Government Data

Non-communicable diseases in Indian slums: re-framing the Social Determinants of Health

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