Is vision in schizophrenia characterized by a generalized reduction?

Skottun, Bernt C.; Skoyles, John R.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00999

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some studies have found impairments in chronic schizophrenia that are limited primarily to low SFs, with normal processing of other SFs (Butler et al, 2007 ). Others have argued that, across all studies, the data are most consistent with reduced sensitivity to all contrasts and SFs (Skottun & Skoyles, 2007 ), suggesting a more general problem with a weakening of response gain mechanisms as the illness progresses (Butler et al, 2008 ; Herzog & Brand, 2015 ; Shelley, Silipo, & Javitt, 1999 ; Silverstein, 2016 ; Skottun & Skoyles, 2013 ). For the purposes of this article, we adopt the intermediate position that the CS deficit in chronic schizophrenia is largest for low SFs but that processing of medium and high SFs is impaired to some degree as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Silverstein

Demmin

Bednar

2017

Computational Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Computational modeling is a useful method for generating hypotheses about the contributions of impaired neurobiological mechanisms, and their interactions, to psychopathology. Modeling is being increasingly used to further our understanding of schizophrenia, but to date, it has not been applied to questions regarding the common perceptual disturbances in the disorder. In this article, we model aspects of low-level visual processing and demonstrate how this can lead to testable hypotheses about both the nature of visual abnormalities in schizophrenia and the relationships between the mechanisms underlying these disturbances and psychotic symptoms. Using a model that incorporates retinal, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and V1 activity, as well as gain control in the LGN, homeostatic adaptation in V1, lateral excitation and inhibition in V1, and self-organization of synaptic weights based on Hebbian learning and divisive normalization, we show that (a) prior data indicating increased contrast sensitivity for low-spatial-frequency stimuli in first-episode schizophrenia can be successfully modeled as a function of reduced retinal and LGN efferent activity, leading to overamplification at the cortical level, and (b) prior data on reduced contrast sensitivity and broadened orientation tuning in chronic schizophrenia can be successfully modeled by a combination of reduced V1 lateral inhibition and an increase in the Hebbian learning rate at V1 synapses for LGN input. These models are consistent with many current findings, and they predict several relationships that have not yet been demonstrated. They also have implications for understanding changes in brain and visual function from the first psychotic episode to the chronic stage of illness.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Silverstein

Demmin

Bednar

2017

Computational Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study is exploratory, and any reference to visual mechanisms in schizophrenia ( 45 – 48 ) that may possibly underlie the observed differences to healthy artists is highly speculative. In particular, a deficit in the perception of global image structure may cause artists with schizophrenia to reduce coarse (global) structure (low spatial frequencies) relative to local detail (high spatial frequencies) in their creations, as previously proposed by Graham and Meng ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Image Properties in Works from the Prinzhorn Collection of Artists with Schizophrenia

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Prinzhorn Collection preserves and exhibits thousands of visual artworks by patients who were diagnosed to suffer from mental disease. From this collection, we analyzed 1,256 images by 14 artists who were diagnosed with dementia praecox or schizophrenia. Six objective statistical properties that have been used previously to characterize visually aesthetic images were calculated. These properties reflect features of formal image composition, such as the complexity and distribution of oriented luminance gradients and edges, as well as Fourier spectral properties. Results for the artists with schizophrenia were compared to artworks from three public art collections of paintings and drawings that include highly acclaimed artworks as well as artworks of lesser artistic claim (control artworks). Many of the patients’ works did not differ from these control images. However, the artworks of 6 of the 14 artists with schizophrenia possess image properties that deviate from the range of values obtained for the control artworks. For example, the artworks of four of the patients are characterized by a relative dominance of specific edge orientations in their images (low first-order entropy of edge orientations). Three patients created artworks with a relatively high ratio of fine detail to coarse structure (high slope of the Fourier spectrum). In conclusion, the present exploratory study opens novel perspectives for the objective scientific investigation of visual artworks that were created by persons who suffer from schizophrenia.

show abstract

“…Perceptual processing has been recognized as an important domain in the assessment of cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia ( Butler et al, 2008 ; Javitt, 2009 ). Visual sensory processing deficits are prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia ( Silverstein and Keane, 2011b ; Skottun and Skoyles, 2013 ; Yoon et al, 2013 ; Silverstein and Thompson, 2015 ; Silverstein et al, 2015 ), including impairments in contrast sensitivity ( Kiss et al, 2010 ; Kelemen et al, 2013 ), forward and backward masking ( Green et al, 2011 ), surround suppression ( Dakin et al, 2005 ; Yoon et al, 2010 ), perceptual organization ( Silverstein and Keane, 2011a ), form processing ( Javitt, 2009 ), and motion processing ( Chen, 2011 ). Therefore, investigation into the visual sensory processing in schizophrenia can accelerate our understanding of schizophrenia-related information processing impairment ( Silverstein and Keane, 2011b ; Yoon et al, 2013 ; Silverstein et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Binocular Depth Perception in First-Episode Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia

Wang

Pan

et al. 2018

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Binocular depth perception (BDP) is one of the most demanding visual function that involves both dorsal and ventral visual information streams. Substantial research has been conducted on the disruption of BDP in patients with schizophrenia. However, research on first-episode and drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (FEDN) is limited. To assess the BDP of schizophrenia patients while controlling for the effects of antipsychotics and the duration of illness. We investigated BDP in patients with schizophrenia via the Titmus Stereopsis Test in this study, by matching the patients into three groups: FEDN (n = 17), long duration of illness and medicine treatment (LDMT) (n = 31) and the healthy control group (n = 40). Results showed that both the FEDN (mean = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.57, 1.84]) and LDMT (1.73, 95% CI: [1.66, 1.81]) patients displayed a significant decline (p = 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.67, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.92, respectively) in depth perception compared to the healthy control (1.55, 95% CI: [1.48, 1.61]) group. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p = 0.68, Cohen’s d = 0.11) between the FEDN and LDMT groups, and no correlation (Pearson r = -0.16, p = 0.38, R2 = 0.03) was observed between the duration of illness and impaired BDP in the LDMT group. The proportion of individuals with stereopsis detection in either FEDN (12/17) or LDMT (26/31) groups under stereo threshold 63 arc seconds (″), were significantly lower (Pearson χ2 = 6.29, p = 0.043, φc = 0.27) compared to the healthy control group (38/40). Significant difference in stereopsis detection also occurred at 50″ (Pearson χ2 = 12.31, p = 0.001, φc = 0.37), 40″ (Pearson χ2 = 12.38, p = 0.002, φc = 0.38), 32″ (Pearson χ2 = 6.69, p = 0.035, φc = 0.28), 25″ (Pearson χ2 = 14.82, p = 0.001, φc = 0.41) and 20″ (Pearson χ2 = 6.73, p = 0.034, φc = 0.28) between the three groups. These findings showed a moderately strong association between schizophrenia and defective stereopsis.

show abstract

Is vision in schizophrenia characterized by a generalized reduction?

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Computational Modeling of Contrast Sensitivity and Orientation Tuning in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia

Statistical Image Properties in Works from the Prinzhorn Collection of Artists with Schizophrenia

Impaired Binocular Depth Perception in First-Episode Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About