Is viloxazine an antidepressant? A placebo‐controlled double‐blind study in major depressive disorder presenting in a general hospital

Thompson, Christopher; Isaacs, Geoffrey

doi:10.1002/hup.470060106

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Vinpocetine treatment has been shown to facilitate LTP (Molnar and Gaal, 1992; Molnar et al, 1994), enhance the structural dynamics of dendritical spines (Lendvai et al, 2003), improve memory retrieval (DeNoble, 1987), and enhance performance on cognitive tests in humans (Hindmarch et al, 1991). In a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, vinpocetine was able to restore neuronal plasticity in visual cortex (Medina et al, 2006) as well as the functional organization of this area (Krahe et al, 2009).…”

Section: Vinpocetine a Classic Pde1 Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of multiple studies evaluating vinpocetine use in cases of dementia was recently conducted (Szatmari and Whitehouse, 2003). After excluding studies that had major flaws (such as lack of control groups or randomization), Szatmari and Whitehouse focused in three works (Fenzl et al, 1986; Blaha et al, 1989; Hindmarch et al, 1991). In these studies, a total of 583 patients were given vinpocetine ( n = 377) or placebo ( n = 206).…”

Section: Vinpocetine a Classic Pde1 Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Utility of Phosphodiesterase Type I Inhibitors in Neurological Conditions

Medina¹

2011

Front. Neurosci.

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Neuronal plasticity is an essential property of the brain that is impaired in different neurological conditions. Phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) inhibitors can enhance levels of the second messengers cAMP/cGMP leading to the expression of neuronal plasticity-related genes, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotective molecules. These neuronal plasticity enhancement properties make PDE1 inhibitors good candidates as therapeutic agents in many neurological conditions. However, the lack of specificity of the drugs currently available poses a challenge to the systematic evaluation of the beneficial effect of these agents. The development of more specific drugs may pave the way for the use of PDE1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cases of neurodevelopmental conditions such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

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Section: Vinpocetine a Classic Pde1 Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vinpocetine a Classic Pde1 Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Utility of Phosphodiesterase Type I Inhibitors in Neurological Conditions

Medina¹

2011

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Compared with TCAs, viloxazine immediate-release had a better tolerability/safety profile, particularly with regard to sedation and anticholinergic effects 53 54 , 55 Viloxazine immediate-release was associated with fewer cardiovascular effects, 56 including minimal detrimental effects on BP 57 . Viloxazine immediate-release was not associated with dose-related depression of cardiac contractility in healthy volunteers; symptoms did not include cardiac complications in postmarketing reports of viloxazine immediate-release overdose 58 …”

Section: Multimodal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future nonstimulants in the treatment of pediatric ADHD: monoamine reuptake inhibitors, receptor modulators, and multimodal agents

et al. 2020

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the single most common neuropsychiatric disorder with cognitive and behavioral manifestations, often starts in childhood and usually persists into adolescence and adulthood. Rarely seen alone, ADHD is most commonly complicated by other neuropsychiatric disorders that must be factored into any intervention plan to optimally address ADHD symptoms. With more than 30 classical Schedule II (CII) stimulant preparations available for ADHD treatment, only three nonstimulants (atomoxetine and extended-release formulations of clonidine and guanfacine) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), all of which focus on modulating the noradrenergic system. Given the heterogeneity and complex nature of ADHD in most patients, research efforts are identifying nonstimulants which modulate pathways beyond the noradrenergic system. New ADHD medications in clinical development include monoamine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine receptor modulators, and multimodal agents that combine receptor agonist/antagonist activity (receptor modulation) and monoamine transporter inhibition. Each of these “pipeline” ADHD medications has a unique chemical structure and differs in its pharmacologic profile in terms of molecular targets and mechanisms. The clinical role for each of these agents will need to be explored with regard to their potential to address the heterogeneity of individuals struggling with ADHD and ADHD-associated comorbidities. This review profiles alternatives to Schedule II (CII) stimulants that are in clinical stages of development (Phase 2 or 3). Particular attention is given to viloxazine extended-release, which has completed Phase 3 studies in children and adolescents with ADHD.

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“…It was released on to the market before licensing authorities required new antidepressant drugs to undergo rigorous placebo controlled testing of efficacy. Its efficacy compared with that of placebo has not been satisfactorily shown,4 and calls for its more widespread prescription require careful examination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Drugs related to tricyclic antidepressants are a mixed bag

Cowen¹,

Thompson²,

Roberts³

et al. 1994

BMJ

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Drugs related to tricyclic antidepressants are a mixed bag ED1TOR,-N Freemantle and colleagues propose that, compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, "newer tricyclic and related antidepressants ... will have similar impact on rates of suicide but at considerably less cost."' The drugs that are listed as newer tricyclic and related antidepressants, however, have important differences in pharmacology, clinical profile, toxicity, and cost.Maprotiline is indeed related to tricyclic antidepressants both structurally and pharmacologically. It is also equally toxic,2 as drugs are as efficacious as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating the acute phase of depression, evidence of their efficacy in preventing relapse and recurrence of depression is lacking. In contrast, there are good data on the efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the long term treatment of depression. This issue cannot be ignored when the cost of preventing suicide is being considered.It is easy to equate the treatment of depression with the prevention of suicide, but many more factors are involved in preventing suicide. If we continue to have high levels of prescribing of antidepressants in the community, for whatever disorder, we should ensure that the drugs prescribed are the safest available. I believe that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the safest drugs available, and to discourage their use on the basis of the false assumptions made in Freemantle and colleagues' article is both short sighted and dangerous.

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Is viloxazine an antidepressant? A placebo‐controlled double‐blind study in major depressive disorder presenting in a general hospital

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Therapeutic Utility of Phosphodiesterase Type I Inhibitors in Neurological Conditions

Therapeutic Utility of Phosphodiesterase Type I Inhibitors in Neurological Conditions

Current and future nonstimulants in the treatment of pediatric ADHD: monoamine reuptake inhibitors, receptor modulators, and multimodal agents

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Drugs related to tricyclic antidepressants are a mixed bag

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