Is Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia More Frequent in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019?*

Abstract

Mission on Prognosis Analysis of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury (IMPACT) Study Group; Corticosteroid Randomisation After Significant Head Injury (CRASH) Trial Collaborators; Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN): Prediction of outcome after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: External validation of the International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) and Corticoid Randomisation After Significant Head injury (CRASH) prognostic models.

The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Respiratory Infections

“…Once patients are endotracheally intubated, however, they become highly susceptible to VAP development in a manner out of proportion to similar patients with non-COVID-19 indications for intubation. About 60% to 70% of COVID-19-related VAPs involve gram-negative organisms 126 ; treatment should be according to local antibiograms and resistance patterns in combination with published guidelines. 120 A procalcitonin trend may be a useful adjunct in diagnosis.…”

“… 125 Stress on both human and material resources during peak surges has also been argued to have a detrimental impact on the rate of secondary infection. 126 …”

Baricitinib Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Is Associated With a Reduction in Secondary Infections

“…One possible benefit of baricitinib treatment for COVID-19, compared with other anti-inflammatory therapies, is its association with a reduction in the incidence of secondary infections. With all immunomodulatory agents, the risk of secondary infection is a concern and has been described with corticosteroids and IL-6 inhibitor therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 10 ]. In this multivariate analysis of the ACTT-2 data set, we demonstrate that baricitinib treatment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 is independently associated with a 50% reduction in secondary infections after controlling for baseline participant variables (treatment arm, and age group).…”

Prevention and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19

“…The prolonged mechanical ventilation was thought to be the most relevant risk factor of VAP ( Kalil and Cawcutt, 2022 ). The patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation who were accompanied with COVID-19 tend to present a delayed mechanical ventilation and a higher incidence of ARDS than without COVID-19, which are both recognized as risk factors for VAP ( Razazi et al, 2020 ; Blonz et al, 2021 ; Nseir et al, 2021 ; Rouzé et al, 2021 ).…”