Is urbanization a risk factor for substance misuse?

Schifano, Fabrizio

doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328303e2b7

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been seen that substance use problems tend to initiate in the metropolitan subpopulations before they spread to the other areas in a country [5]. Within the urban areas the people living in economically disadvantaged communities like urban resettlement colonies have disproportionately higher exposure, susceptibility, and response to toxic substances and hazardous conditions [37]. Urban characteristics, social networks/psychosocial stressors, and area characteristics/living conditions are three important mediators of the substance use problem in urban areas.…”

Section: Implications For Behavioral Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences from a Community Based Substance Use Treatment Centre in an Urban Resettlement Colony in India

Balhara

Ranjan

Dhawan

et al. 2014

Journal of Addiction

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Background. There are limited community based treatment services for drug dependence in India. Rural areas and urban resettlement colonies are in particular deficient in such services. Aims. The current study aimed at preliminary assessment of substance use disorder management services at a community based substance use treatment clinic in an urban resettlement colony. Methods. The study was carried out at community based substance use treatment centre in a resettlement colony in India. The records of the centre were chart reviewed. Results. A total of 754 patients were registered at the clinic during the study period. Heroin was the primary drug of abuse for 63% of the patients. The mean duration of follow-up for the patients with opioid and alcohol dependence was 13.47 (SD ± 10.37; range 0–39) months. A total of 220 patients of opioid dependence were prescribed substation or abstinence directed therapy. Buprenorphine (87), slow release oral morphine (SROM) (16), and dextropropoxyphene (98) were used for opioid substitution. Conclusion. It is possible to deliver substance use disorder treatment services in community setting. There is a need to develop area specific community based treatment services for substance abuse in socially disadvantaged populations such as urban resettlement colonies.

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Section: Implications For Behavioral Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences from a Community Based Substance Use Treatment Centre in an Urban Resettlement Colony in India

Balhara

Ranjan

Dhawan

et al. 2014

Journal of Addiction

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“…However, the lifestyle of the rural inhabitants is less hazardous compared with the urban population. Some hepatitis B risk factors, such as drug use or risky sexual behaviours, are less common in the rural areas . Due to the lower population density, a lower hepatitis B incidence rate in the interpersonal relations should be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing 14‐year trends in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in rural and urban Central–Eastern European areas

Genowska

Jamiołkowski

Rodakowska

et al. 2015

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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In Poland, the prevalence of HBV infection constitutes an emerging public health concern. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in hepatitis B incidence rate by age, gender and place of residence in Poland between 1999 and 2012. The data were obtained from Polish state statistics institutions such as the National Institute of Public Health and State Sanitary Inspection. Relationships of hepatitis B incidence with age, gender and rural/urban areas were investigated using χ(2) and tests for two proportions with Bonferroni adjustment. The incidence of hepatitis B in rural and urban populations was compared using Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse trends in hepatitis B incidence rate. In Poland, a total of 26 660 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the studied period and 31.6% of these cases occurred in rural areas. There was significantly declining tendency in the hepatitis B incidence rate in the initial period of the study. However, there were periods of significant increase of HBV incidence rate in women from rural areas aged 15-24 years (9.4%/year) and in women from urban areas aged 15-24 years (10.9%/year) and 25-64 years (3.8%/year) in the final years of the observation. Despite the success in controlling this infection, a significant increase in the incidence of hepatitis B among young women living in rural and urban areas, as well as in adult women in urban areas, has been noted.

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“…The urban cores were considered as spaces where the drug issues were concentrated (Bless et al, 2000). However, Schifano (2008) shows that this does not appear to be a consistent observation from the literature review. The risk factors of social and physical environment (stress, neighbourhood disadvantage, population density, immigration, social norms and attitudes in promoting/mitigating substance misuse) that might lead to the increased substance use in the urban spaces might be out weighted by a relative proximity of health services (Schifano 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…However, Schifano (2008) shows that this does not appear to be a consistent observation from the literature review. The risk factors of social and physical environment (stress, neighbourhood disadvantage, population density, immigration, social norms and attitudes in promoting/mitigating substance misuse) that might lead to the increased substance use in the urban spaces might be out weighted by a relative proximity of health services (Schifano 2008). The research using drug-related indicators based in the US context focused on the differences between urban, suburban and rural space, and primarily on the spatial distribution of drug-related fatal overdoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Primary drug-related crime in the Czech Republic from a geographical perspective: study of urban, suburban and rural differences

Petruželka

Barták

2020

GeoScape

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Illicit drug use and drug-related crime constitute a significant issue and create large economic and societal costs both at national and regional level. The aim of this article is to examine the differences in primary drug-related crime between urban, suburban and rural local police departments in Czechia. The primary drug-related crime rate in local police departments was constructed from the data collected in the national crime database and the geographical classification of these departments was taken from previous research. To analyze the differences among urban, suburban and rural departments, we used the general linear model. The models with measures that were not standardized for the number of inhabitants were all significant, while not all the models with standardized measures were significant. Overall primary drug-related crime, unauthorized production and other handling of illicit drugs and possession of illicit drugs models with standardized measures showed no significant differences between departments. The cultivation of plants model with standardized measure shows an increase in the predicted values of independent variables in suburban and rural departments compared to urban departments. Our research results show that local urban police departments are not related to higher rates of standardized primary drug-related crime, although there are differences in specific drug law offences. It suggests that drug-related issues are prevalent in all types of departments, however, the specific issues differ between them. Conclusions: The research showed that standardized primary drug-related crime rate in urban departments is not higher than in suburban or rural local police departments.

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Is urbanization a risk factor for substance misuse?

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Experiences from a Community Based Substance Use Treatment Centre in an Urban Resettlement Colony in India

Experiences from a Community Based Substance Use Treatment Centre in an Urban Resettlement Colony in India

Changing 14‐year trends in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in rural and urban Central–Eastern European areas

Primary drug-related crime in the Czech Republic from a geographical perspective: study of urban, suburban and rural differences

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