Is there really a single factor of personality? A multirater approach to the apex of personality

Danay, Erik; Ziegler, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.07.003

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Hopwood, Wright, & Donnellan, ) or informants (e.g. Danay & Ziegler, ), the previously impressive apparent support for a g p became less clear. In line with previous single‐sample studies that managed to successfully identify a g p across different raters (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This seems particularly relevant for the case of a general factor of personality. Although some research has identified a g p across self‐report and peer reports as well (Loehlin & Horn, ; Rushton et al, ), others have not (Danay & Ziegler, ; Riemann & Kandler, ); a recent meta‐analysis found only weak support for a g p across multiple informants (Chang et al, ). For example, Anusic, Schimmack, Pinkus, and Lockwood () suggested that the g p is a product of informant‐specific halo error reflecting a general disposition to attribute favourable characteristics to oneself and others.…”

Section: Higher‐order Models Of Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rushton & Irwing, ; Van der Linden, te Nijenhuis, Cremers, & Van de Ven, ), validity studies across multiple informants including self‐rating and other ratings have been rather mixed. Some authors have identified a general factor of personality (Loehlin & Horn, ; Rushton et al, ), whereas others have not (Danay & Ziegler, ; Riemann & Kandler, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Elusive General Factor of Personality: The Acquaintance Effect

Gnambs

2013

Eur J Pers

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A general factor (gp) at the apex of personality has been suggested to account for the correlations between the Big Five. Although the gp has received ample support from monomethod studies, results from studies incorporating different methods have remained rather ambiguous; some have identified a gp across different informants, whereas others have not. It was hypothesized that these divergent findings are a result of varying lengths of acquaintance between raters. To this end, the current study presents a multitrait multi‐informant meta‐analysis (total N = 11 941) that found weak support for a gp as a substantive trait of personality. Evidence for a gp was susceptible to the length of acquaintance between informants. Although a gp could be identified for short‐term acquaintances, it remained elusive at long‐term acquaintance. Thus, the gp in other ratings more likely reflects normative ratings of an average individual rather than ratings of the specific target person. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Higher‐order Models Of Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Elusive General Factor of Personality: The Acquaintance Effect

Gnambs

2013

Eur J Pers

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“…Similarly, DeYoung (2006) found that aggregating across multiple raters resulted in lower correlations between factors than those usually observed for single raters, suggesting that individual raters had a general bias towards rating personality as desirable or undesirable. Recent findings reported by Danay and Ziegler (2011) support this idea.…”

Section: Alternative Explanations Of the Gfpmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Danay and Ziegler (2011) provide evidence that that GFP cannot be reliably extracted from multirater sources. In this study, they used a multilevel variant of the correlated‐trait correlated‐methods multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) model to demonstrate that a general factor is not reliably extracted from the NEO‐PI‐R when both self‐ratings and peer‐ratings are considered in the same model.…”

Section: A Critique Of Evidence For the Gfp Across Multiple Instrumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misconstruing methods and meaning in the General Factor of Personality

Comensoli¹,

MacCann²

2012

Int J Psychol

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Research has suggested that a General Factor of Personality (GFP) might represent a real and meaningful higher-order factor in the personality hierarchy. However, there are psychometric shortcomings in many of the studies used to support this argument, as well as convincing empirical evidence for alternative explanations of the GFP as methodological rather than meaningful. The current article re-examines the research supporting a substantive GFP by considering and evaluating the evidence presented in a recent volume (Just, 2011). It is concluded that covariation among first-order personality factors is more likely a statistical or methodological artefact than a theoretically meaningful higher-order construct.

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Comparing Job Applicants to Non–Applicants Using An Item–Level Bifactor Model on the Hexaco Personality Inventory

et al. 2017

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The present study evaluated the ability of item‐level bifactor models (a) to provide an alternative explanation to current theories of higher order factors of personality and (b) to explain socially desirable responding in both job applicant and non‐applicant contexts. Participants (46% male; mean age = 42 years, SD = 11) completed the 200‐item HEXACO Personality Inventory‐Revised either as part of a job application (n = 1613) or as part of low‐stakes research (n = 1613). A comprehensive set of invariance tests were performed. Applicants scored higher than non‐applicants on honesty‐humility (d = 0.86), extraversion (d = 0.73), agreeableness (d = 1.06), and conscientiousness (d = 0.77). The bifactor model provided improved model fit relative to a standard correlated factor model, and loadings on the evaluative factor of the bifactor model were highly correlated with other indicators of item social desirability. The bifactor model explained approximately two‐thirds of the differences between applicants and non‐applicants. Results suggest that rather than being a higher order construct, the general factor of personality may be caused by an item‐level evaluative process. Results highlight the importance of modelling data at the item‐level. Implications for conceptualizing social desirability, higher order structures in personality, test development, and job applicant faking are discussed. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Is there really a single factor of personality? A multirater approach to the apex of personality

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

The Elusive General Factor of Personality: The Acquaintance Effect

The Elusive General Factor of Personality: The Acquaintance Effect

Misconstruing methods and meaning in the General Factor of Personality

Comparing Job Applicants to Non–Applicants Using An Item–Level Bifactor Model on the Hexaco Personality Inventory

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