Is there any Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise on Anxiety and Depression of the Patient with Coronary Artery Disease?

Chaudhuri, Aparna; Manna, Madhusri; Mandal, Kasturi; Pattanayak, Kathika

doi:10.21276/ijprhs.2020.05.03

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These findings support and extend an existing body of findings showing that stress relaxation techniques can be effective in helping individuals to cope with stress and enhance well-being. For instance, with regard to PMR, our findings extend recent work showing that not only does PMR alleviate stress [ 8 ] and test anxiety [ 6 ] in nursing students and depression and anxiety in coronary heart disease [ 9 ] and cancer patients, [ 11 ] but it also induced psychological and physiological relaxation states in our student sample. Similarly, our guided imagery technique showed effectiveness in inducing states of both psychological and physiological relaxation, similar to the effects of guided imagery for surgery patients [ 19 , 20 ], hospital nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 17 ], and healthy adults [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation

Toussaint

Nguyen

Roettger

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

113

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Research suggests that multiple forms of relaxation training (e.g., progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, breathing exercises, visualization, and autogenics) can help individuals reduce stress, enhance relaxation states, and improve overall well-being. We examined three different, commonly used approaches to stress relaxation—progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and guided imagery—and evaluated them in a head-to-head comparison against each other and a control condition. Sixty healthy undergraduate participants were randomized to one of the four conditions and completed 20 minutes of progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, or guided imagery training that was delivered by recorded audio instruction. Baseline and follow-up assessment of psychological relaxation states were completed. Physiological relaxation was also assessed continuously using measures of electrodermal activity and heart rate. Results showed that progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, and guided imagery all increased the state of relaxation for participants in those groups, compared to participants in the control group. In each case, the increase was statistically significant and although the groups did not differ on relaxation before training, all groups were significantly higher on relaxation after training, as compared to the control group. Progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery showed an immediate linear trend toward physiological relaxation, compared to the control group, and the deep breathing group showed an immediate increase in physiological arousal followed quickly by a return to initial levels. Our results lend support to the body of research showing that stress relaxation training can be effective in improving relaxation states at both the psychological and physiological level. Future research could examine stress relaxation techniques in a similar manner using designs where multiple techniques can be compared in the same samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Not only does PMR demonstrate stress-alleviating effects, but also it exhibits a positive influence on depression and anxiety. In one study, PMR was administered twice a day for five days to patients who had coronary heart disease [ 9 ]. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [ 10 ] was used to measure anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation

Toussaint

Nguyen

Roettger

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Techniques and protocols that allow relaxation are helpful in promoting a status of general well-being, improving mental health, playing an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, weight, joint, and diabetic disorders, and reducing anxiety as well [ 3 , 4 ]. Several relaxation programs, such as the Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique (PMRT), body scan, deep breathing, and meditation, besides being cost-effective and easy to learn, effectively manage anxiety, depression, and physiological activation, e.g., [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. For example, a recent study [ 6 ] showed that PMRT and deep breathing improved the state of relaxation when the participants in the intervention group were compared to those in a control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Personalization in the User Experience, Preferences and Engagement with Virtual Reality Environments for Relaxation

Pardini

Gabrielli

Dianti

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Virtual Reality Environments (VREs) are widely deployed in mental health treatments, often associated with relaxation techniques. The personalization of natural VR-based scenarios is a key element that can further facilitate users’ sense of presence and relaxation. This study explored the role of VREs’ personalization in the user experience with an environment supporting relaxation, by deploying mixed methods. Methods: A non-clinical sample of 20 individuals participated in exposure to a supportive body-scan-guided relaxation VRE. In the personalized conditions, the participants had the option of choosing the context (e.g., sea, mountain, or countryside) and including in the scenario different types of sounds, visual elements, and changing the time of day and weather. In the standard conditions, individuals were exposed to a relaxing VRE, but they could choose neither the context nor the auditory and visual elements. The order of presentation of the personalized vs non-personalized environments was randomized. Measures regarding relaxation, state-anxiety perceived levels, VRE-related symptoms, the usability of the Virtual Reality (VR) setting, sense of presence, pleasure, activation, engagement, and level of immersion experienced were collected before and after exposure to the VR environments. Results: Findings showed that personalized VREs were preferred by users. Participants generally preferred to experience a greater immersivity, pleasure, engagement, and relaxation in the personalized virtual settings. Conclusion: The study further confirms the role of personalization as a component positively contributing to relaxation and engagement. Future research may further assess this effect in the context of large-scale controlled studies involving clinical and non-clinical populations.

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“…However, they used breathing exercises combined with foot reflexology and massage (BRM) during labor. Salah et al (2022) in Egypt [37] and Pardede et al (2020) in Indonesia [14] also agreed on the effect of deep breathing on pain reduction after surgery, while Chaudhuri et al (2020) in India proved that progressive muscle relaxation exercise was highly effective in reducing anxiety in painful conditions (such as coronary artery disease) [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of three modalities on emergence agitation among post-traumatic stress disorder patients undergoing laparoscopy: a randomized controlled study

Abdelaziz,

Dean,

Elshafie

2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background and aim Emergence agitation (EA) after general anesthesia is common in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Due to the recent worldwide events such as the Covid-19 pandemic and wars, PTSD is not rare. Accordingly, a reliable, cost-effective anesthetic protocol to lower the incidence of EA is crucial. Therefore, we aimed to compare three different interventions for avoiding EA in PTSD patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Participants were divided into four groups: 1: performing pre-operative relaxation techniques (deep breathing exercise and progressive muscle relaxation [PMR]); 2: administrating intra-operative Ketamine; 3: applying both previously mentioned strategies and 4 as controls. Methods This study was carried out on 144 adult women scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy, randomly allocated into four groups: three intervention groups and a control group (36 each). Women aged 18-45 years old, with a diagnosis of PTSD were included in the study. Patients with a positive history of major neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, or renal disease were excluded. Any patient who reported the use of psychiatric drugs were also excluded from the study. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 26. Kolmogorov- Smirnov was used to verify the normality of the distribution of variables. Odds ratio was calculated to clarify the strength and direction of the association between intervention groups and control. Data was deemed significant at a p-value ≤0.05. Results Heart rate (HR) and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) intra-operative and post-operative till 24 hours were significantly lower in groups 1, 2, and 3 compared to group 4 (p<0.001). There was a significant statistical difference in the intraoperative HR percentage decrease. MABP percentage decrease post-operative was higher in all the intervention groups with no statistically significant difference, except for group 1 compared to group 4, which was statistically significant (12.28 ± 11.77 and 6.10 ± 7.24, p=0.025). Visual Analogue Scale measurements were significantly less in the intervention groups 1, 2, and 3 compared to group 4. On Riker sedation–agitation scores, group 1 was 85 times more likely to be non-agitated (85 (15.938 – 453.307), p<0.001), group 2 was 175 times more likely to be non-agitated (175 (19.932–1536.448), p<0.001) and group 3 was protected against agitation. Conclusion Pre-operative relaxation techniques (breathing exercises and PMR) significantly lowered HR, MABP, VAS score, and EA than controls. These effects were not significantly different from intra-operative ketamine injection or the combination of both (relaxation techniques and ketamine). We recommend routine pre-operative screening for PTSD and the application of relaxation techniques (breathing exercises and PMR) in the pre-operative preparation protocol of PTSD-positive cases as well as routine practical application of preoperative relaxation techniques. Further studies on using pre-operative relaxation techniques in general could be cost-effective.

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Is there any Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise on Anxiety and Depression of the Patient with Coronary Artery Disease?

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation

Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Deep Breathing, and Guided Imagery in Promoting Psychological and Physiological States of Relaxation

The Role of Personalization in the User Experience, Preferences and Engagement with Virtual Reality Environments for Relaxation

Effect of three modalities on emergence agitation among post-traumatic stress disorder patients undergoing laparoscopy: a randomized controlled study

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