Is there any difference in patterns of use and psychiatric symptom status between injectors and non‐injectors of mephedrone?

Kapitány-Fövény, Máté; Mervó, Barbara; Kertész, Máté; Corazza, Ornella; Farkas, Judit; Kökönyei, Gyöngyi; Demetrovics, Zsolt

doi:10.1002/hup.2490

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, NPS users showed higher scores on almost all subscales of the BSI. The overall elevated psychiatric symptom profile of NPS‐using patients confirms the assumption of our former study (Kapitány‐Fövény et al, ), namely, that the use of cathinone derivatives may be related to highly impaired mental states, and this psychiatric impairment cannot solely be explained by a history of opiate use. Furthermore, the fact that it is not distinct psychiatric disorders—such as anxiety, mood disorders, or OCD—that characterize these cases, but rather a general psychopathological severity, may underline the marked need for in‐patient psychiatric care even more.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Novel psychoactive substance use among treatment‐seeking opiate users: The role of life events and psychiatric symptoms

Kapitány-Fövény

Farkas

Pataki

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective Over the past 5 years, a shift to the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been observed among opioid users. The aim of this study was to assess the potential reasons for NPS use among treatment‐seeking patients receiving opiate substitution therapy. Method A structured questionnaire was filled out by a sample of 198 opiate dependent patients of Hungary's National Institute of Psychiatry and Addiction. This questionnaire assessed demographics, treatment characteristics, lifetime substance use, potential reasons for NPS use, negative life events (Life Events Scale), and psychiatric symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory). Results The most frequent reasons for NPS use were curiosity, replacing other drugs, and easy availability. The majority of the respondents used synthetic cathinones and chose practical reasons, not psychopharmacological preferences. A series of binary logistic regressions indicated that lifetime amphetamine use (OR = 4.64, 95% CI [2.16, 9.96]) and more severe psychiatric symptoms (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 3.04]) may predict NPS use. Time spent in treatment was a minor protective factor (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.86, 0.99]). Conclusion Synthetic cathinones might still substitute amphetamine‐derivatives, although these NPS are no longer legal. There is a need for the regular screening of psychiatric symptoms and the use of family therapy among participants on opioid substitution programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Novel psychoactive substance use among treatment‐seeking opiate users: The role of life events and psychiatric symptoms

Kapitány-Fövény

Farkas

Pataki

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…One study found that extracting codeine with the use of simple techniques and household appliances can yield different amounts of codeine and non-opioid analgesics in the extracted mixtures making it difficult to control the doses (Kimergård, Deluca, Hindersson, & Breindahl, 2016b). Understanding risk factors associated with medicine tampering may help implement harm reduction interventions and deliver treatment to specific populations of polysubstance users where the risk of harm is disproportionately great (Kapitány-Fövény et al, 2015;Kimergård et al, 2016a;Talu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine‐containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross‐sectional online population

Kimergård

Foley

Davey

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…Those include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological side effects ( 233 , 246 ). Well-described effects are also jaw clenching, reduced appetite, increased body temperature, increased sweating, abnormal vision, dilated pupils, headaches, tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, arrhythmias, chest pain, nausea, bruxism, teeth grinding (bruxism), rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure ( 247 ). An important dangerous side effect is the significant hyponatremia.…”

Section: Mephedrone and Methylonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is similar to that shown after acute MDMA consumption. It is supposed to be induced by a combination of sweating, electrolyte loss, and antidiuretic hormone secretion ( 247 ). The intranasal application of mephedrone is associated with a significant nasal irritation.…”

Section: Mephedrone and Methylonementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Psychoactive Substances—Recent Progress on Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action for Selected Drugs

et al. 2017

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A feature of human culture is that we can learn to consume chemical compounds, derived from natural plants or synthetic fabrication, for their psychoactive effects. These drugs change the mental state and/or the behavioral performance of an individual and can be instrumentalized for various purposes. After the emergence of a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) and a period of experimental consumption, personal and medical benefits and harm potential of the NPS can be estimated on evidence base. This may lead to a legal classification of the NPS, which may range from limited medical use, controlled availability up to a complete ban of the drug form publically accepted use. With these measures, however, a drug does not disappear, but frequently continues to be used, which eventually allows an even better estimate of the drug's properties. Thus, only in rare cases, there is a final verdict that is no more questioned. Instead, the view on a drug can change from tolerable to harmful but may also involve the new establishment of a desired medical application to a previously harmful drug. Here, we provide a summary review on a number of NPS for which the neuropharmacological evaluation has made important progress in recent years. They include mitragynine ("Kratom"), synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., "Spice"), dimethyltryptamine and novel serotonergic hallucinogens, the cathinones mephedrone and methylone, ketamine and novel dissociative drugs, γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone, and 1,4-butanediol. This review shows not only emerging harm potentials but also some potential medical applications.

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Is there any difference in patterns of use and psychiatric symptom status between injectors and non‐injectors of mephedrone?

Abstract: Intravenous mephedrone use is associated with a higher risk of harmful drug use, elevated psychiatric symptom profile and increased possibility of mephedrone being considered as an addictive substance. These findings might be important in efficient treatment planning.

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Novel psychoactive substance use among treatment‐seeking opiate users: The role of life events and psychiatric symptoms

Novel psychoactive substance use among treatment‐seeking opiate users: The role of life events and psychiatric symptoms

The challenge of complex drug use: Associated use of codeine‐containing medicines and new psychoactive substances in a European cross‐sectional online population

Novel Psychoactive Substances—Recent Progress on Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action for Selected Drugs

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