Is There an Asymmetric Relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty, Cryptocurrencies, and Global Green Bonds? Evidence from the United States of America

Syed, Aamir Aijaz; Ahmed, Farhan; Kamal, Muhammad Abdul; Ullah, Assad; Ramos-Requena, José Pedro

doi:10.3390/math10050720

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Stationarity checks are not mandatory for applying NARDL models, as suggested by previous studies ( Abbasi et al, 2022 ; Amin et al, 2022 ). However, as highlighted by some studies, this model is not suitable for second-order integrals because the results of the bound F statistic become invalid in the case of I (2; Alqahtani et al, 2020 ; Syed, 2021a , b ; Syed et al, 2021b , 2022 ; Bertsatos et al, 2022 ; Xia et al, 2022 ). Hence, this study used three different unit root tests, the DF-GLS test proposed by Elliot et al (1996) , Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Dickey and Fuller (1981) , and Phillips and Perron (PP) Phillips and Perron (1988) to test variable integrals.…”

Section: Analysis Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth

Wu¹,

Ali

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gender inequality and disenfranchisement of girls with abnormally high sex ratios at birth reflect deep-rooted sexism and adversely affect girls’ development. For China to achieve economic growth, women should not be ignored and marginalized so that they can contribute to the country’s growth, but the sex ratio at birth needs to be lowered because only women can contribute to growth. Thus, this study empirically predicts an asymmetric relationship between gender inequality, sex ratio at birth and economic growth, using NARDL model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL results show that increases in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly reduce economic growth in both the short and long term, while reductions in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly boost economic growth in both the short and long term. Moreover, the results show the significant contribution of female labor force participation and female education (secondary and higher education) to economic growth. However, infant mortality rate significantly reduced economic growth. Strategically, the study recommends equal opportunities for women in employment, education, health, economics, and politics to reduce gender disparities and thereby promote sustainable economic growth in China. Moreover, policymakers should introduce new population policy to stabilize the sex ratio at birth, thereby promoting China’s long-term economic growth.

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Section: Analysis Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth

Wu¹,

Ali

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…This variable can be used as a proxy for green markets. In contrast, Syed et al (2022) employing the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distribution Lag (NARDL) for studying the dynamic linkage between the oil price and green bonds, concluded that oil prices positively influence the green bonds performance. The study found that a 1 percent increase (decrease) in oil prices increases (decreases) the performance of green bonds by 0.05 percent.…”

Section: Dynamic Conditional Correlations Among the Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic relationships among green bonds, CO2 emissions, and oil prices

Marín-Rodríguez

González-Ruiz²,

Botero³

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Green bonds play a pivotal role in the financing of sustainable infrastructure systems. Likewise, CO2 emissions and oil prices can cause an impact on the green bonds market. In order to better understand this issue, this study analyzes the relationship among green bonds, CO2 futures’ prices, and oil prices using a daily data set that includes 2,206 observations corresponding to daily information from 1 January 2014 to 15 June 2022. The Granger Causality Test and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC-Garch) Model were employed to conduct this analysis. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify crisis periods concerning the sample period and provide an analysis of DCC-Garch results during extreme market conditions like the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Granger Causality Test results present a unidirectional causality running from the Green Bond Index to the oil price returns. Also, there is a unidirectional causality running from the Green Bond Index to the CO2 futures’ returns. Additionally, a unidirectional causality runs from the oil price returns to the CO2 futures’ returns. The results for the DCC-Garch indicate a positive dynamic correlation between the Brent oil price return and the CO2 futures’ returns. Finally, the Green Bond Index shows a negative dynamic correlation to the oil return and the CO2 futures’ returns presenting a strong correlation in uncertainty periods.

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“…The United States is the source of the majority of the economic policy uncertainty. United States economic policies will undoubtedly have a ripple impact on the world economy (Syed, Ahmed, Kamal, Ullah, & Ramos-Requena, 2022). The shock that was generated was similar to American policies which had a significant impact on the ASEAN economy (Murshed & Tanha, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect Of The United States Of America And China Economic Policies On The Economy Of Malaysia

Widarni¹,

Viphindrartin²

2022

TMJI

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Finding out how uncertainty affects macroeconomic indicators and the US and Chinese economic policy is the goal of this study, namely inflation, investment, and Brent oil prices on Malaysia's economic growth. The variables used are GDP, Inflation, Investment, and Brent Oil Prices. We used an annual research period from 1995 to 2020. The method used is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). We discover that the unpredictability of the US and Chinese economic policies on Malaysia's economic development differs significantly. The uncertainty of US economic policy has a significant positive effect in the short term, but the uncertainty of China's economic policy in the long term has no effect. Investment variables and oil prices have an effect on economic growth in the first model, in the second model, it is found that investment has a significant effect on Malaysia's economic growth. However, inflation has a significant negative impact on Malaysia's economic growth in both models.

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Is There an Asymmetric Relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty, Cryptocurrencies, and Global Green Bonds? Evidence from the United States of America

Cited by 45 publications

References 49 publications

RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth

RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth

Dynamic relationships among green bonds, CO2 emissions, and oil prices

The Effect Of The United States Of America And China Economic Policies On The Economy Of Malaysia

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