Is There an Association between the Level of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease? A Comparison of Parkinson’s Disease Patients, Disease Controls and Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation, and increased levels of hs-CRP are associated with inflammatory reactions. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the clinical value of hs-CRP in PD is poorly defined. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the clinical value of hs-CRP in patients with PD. Methods: We examined 212 patients with de novo PD, 253 patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 119 healthy subjects and investigated the differences in hs-CRP among these 3 groups. The PD group was classified into 4 subgroups according to the Hoehn and Yahr stage to investigate the relationship between hs-CRP and symptom severity. Results: There was no significant difference in the hs-CRP value between the PD and the ischemic cerebrovascular disease groups, but the subjects in the 2 disease groups demonstrated higher hs-CRP levels than those in the normal control group. A post-hoc analysis of the 4 PD subgroups showed no significant differences in hs-CRP values. In addition, this study demonstrated that the odds ratio of the PD group by hs-CRP was 2.037 (95% CI 1.180–3.517; p = 0.011). Conclusion: We suggest that our results could support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation contributed to the pathogenesis of PD and cautiously assume that elevated hs-CRP might have a clinical value as a risk factor for PD.

1.103 the Combination of Homocysteine and C-Reactive Protein Predicts the Outcomes of Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism

“…A similar result has been observed in another study, which demonstrated an elevated serum CRP in PD and ischemic cerebrovascular disease compared to control subjects [6]. It has been documented that the plasma concentration of Hcy is elevated in PD patients, and this increase is associated with the long-term effects of chronic or acute administration of L-dopa [7,8,9,10].…”

Is Neuroinflammation Involved in the Development of Dementia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease?

“…The pathogenesis of PDD and PD is currently unknown; however, at the cellular level, significant microglial inflammation is observed in regions of dopaminergic degeneration, and some protection against PD is offered by the long-term administration of anti-inflammatory medications (6,18). In addition, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD as well as in the cognitive decline observed in patients with AD (6,19,20).…”

“…In addition, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD as well as in the cognitive decline observed in patients with AD (6,19,20). The large number of recent reviews on the subject bears witness to the growing realization of the importance of the inflammatory response in the progression of PD, a hypothesis that has received strong sup- .951); however, significant differences were observed between the normal controls and both groups of PD patients (p=0.020 and 0.048 for the PDwoD and PDD groups, respectively).…”

“…Accordingly, these two biomarkers have attracted clinical attention as potential predictive markers of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, many previous reports have suggested that high concentrations of hs-CRP and fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cognitive impairment, including dementia (1,6,10,12,13). Therefore, in this study, we compared the levels of hs-CRP and fibrinogen, the most studied biomarkers of systemic inflammation, between PD patients with dementia (PDD) and PD patients without dementia (PDwoD), as well as normal control group subjects, to clearly evaluate the effects of inflammation on the occurrence of dementia in PD patients.…”

The bidirectional gut-brain-microbiota axis as a potential nexus between traumatic brain injury, inflammation, and disease

“…Preclinical data reviewed in Section 3 of this manuscript further demonstrates that the GBMAx may be a source of this systemic inflammatory response. 161 . Further, longitudinal epidemiological data suggests that chronic systemic inflammation often precedes the onset of these conditions and therefore, is a likely risk factor [162][163][164] .…”