Is there a way out for the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa?

Andreas, Angelo; Egom, Christian Binoun A; Kružliak, Peter; Egom, Emmanuel E.

doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.09.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As in prior studies from both Africa and the United States/Europe, we found the most common signs/symptoms of EVD to be very non-specific, including headache, anorexia, myalgias/arthralgias, fever, weakness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. [ 4 , 16 – 23 ] Less common signs/symptoms included dyspnea, conjunctivitis, dysphagia, non-hemorrhagic rash, hiccups, cough, and bleeding. While hemorrhage has been a prominent feature in previous outbreaks, we found bleeding to be one of the least frequently observed symptoms, present in less than ten percent of patients at triage and in about a third of patients at some point during their illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of acute Ebola Virus Disease among patients managed in five Ebola treatment units in West Africa: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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IntroductionPrevious studies of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) have focused on clinical symptoms and Ebola virus (EBOV) cycle threshold (CT) values recorded at patient triage. Our study explores EVD symptoms and EBOV CT values from onset of illness to recovery or death in a diverse population of patients.Methodology/Principal findingsWe analyzed clinical care data from EBOV positive patients admitted to five Ebola treatment units in West Africa from 2014–2015. Prevalence of clinical signs/symptoms and CT values were explored using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to examine their association with mortality. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimators from symptom onset date to death. During the first week of illness, dyspnea (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.07–5.85) and tachycardia (OR = 10.22, 95% CI: 2.20–56.71) were associated with higher odds of mortality. Dyspnea (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.210–4.581), bleeding (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.219–5.337), and diarrhoea (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.171–6.970) at any point during the illness course were associated with higher odds of mortality. Higher initial (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81–0.89) and mean (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.53–0.66) CT values were associated with lower odds of mortality. CT values reached their nadir after 3–5 days of illness and then rose in both survivors and non-survivors until recovery or death.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study demonstrates the population prevalence of clinical signs/symptoms and EBOV CT values over time in a large, diverse cohort of patients with EVD, as well as associations between symptoms/EBOV CT values and mortality. These findings have implications on surveillance, operational planning, and clinical care for future EVD outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural history of acute Ebola Virus Disease among patients managed in five Ebola treatment units in West Africa: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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“…[9][10][11][12] Since it first outbreaks in 1976, there has been around a million of suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases of EVD reported in Africa, making it persistently exposed to the EVD. [13][14][15][16][17] Besides, self-defense and self-care are of utmost importance for selfsafety and overall national safety. 18,19 Although in Malaysia, EVD is not yet prevalent but due to its contagious nature, it can be a big future threat that may turn into a pandemic or an epidemic threat for the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic Predictors of Knowledge of Ebola Virus Disease among Future Healthcare Professionals

Iqbal¹,

Iqbal²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

JYP

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Objectives: The current study evaluated the knowledge and its predictors regarding the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) among future healthcare professionals in a university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study approach was utilized to recruit the study participants from three different healthcare faculties of a university. A validated research tool with a data collection form was used to obtain data by convenience sampling method. The healthcare faculties involved in the present research were pharmacy, dentistry, and medical. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the current study, a total of 273 participants were recruited. The majority of the study participants had an average and inadequate knowledge about EVD. The male participants had better adequate knowledge than females. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to determine the predictors of knowledge about EVD among the study participants. Statistically, a significant level was taken at p <0.05. Conclusion:Gender and healthcare professionals in the family were observed as the pure predictors of knowledge regarding EVD among the study participants.

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“…9,28 This transmission can occur through several channels and across multiple hosts as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Mode Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 After an incubation period of about 2-21 days, EVD is characterized by early non-specific symptoms which may resolve in some survivors, or may progress to a full blown hemorrhagic syndrome. 9,28,37 In the early stages of the disease it is characterized by constitutional symptoms which make it's diagnosis even more difficult. 21 The first symptom which manifests is fever of >38 o C in about 85-95% of patients, this is the most common symptom followed by other non-specific symptoms such as headaches (52-74%), general malaise (85-95%), difficulty in swallowing and sore throats (56-58%), while about 26% of patients experience dry cough.…”

Section: Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola virus disease: epidemiology, clinical feature and the way forward

Balami

Ismail

Saliluddin

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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The Ebola virus disease is a zoonotic, acute viral syndrome which occurs by infection with one the strains of the Ebola virus. It is primarily endemic in Africa however the recent outbreak in the year 2014 spanned from West Africa all the way to Europe and America. This shows the virus possess a global threat and should not be considered localized to only certain parts of the world. The social and economic impact of zoonotic diseases today is high as 80% of human pathogens are of zoonotic origin. Human to human transmission happens when there is contact with bodily fluids of infected humans during the infectious phase of the disease. This spread could be through nosocomial means or community spread. Poor knowledge of the syndrome among health care workers coupled with lack of funding and deficient resources has crippled their ability to diagnose and break the chain of transmission of the disease at its early stages. The virus undergoes pathogenesis by immune evasion, immune suppression, coagulopathy, and hypovolemic shock, multiple organ failure and death in up to 90% of cases. The unavailability of a cure or vaccine for this syndrome makes it a recurrent threat due to high risk behavior practiced in endemic countries such as bush meat consumption. Thus this study gives the reader a review of current literature on this deadly disease with the aim of increasing knowledge and aiding its prevention and control.

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Is there a way out for the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa?

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The natural history of acute Ebola Virus Disease among patients managed in five Ebola treatment units in West Africa: A retrospective cohort study

The natural history of acute Ebola Virus Disease among patients managed in five Ebola treatment units in West Africa: A retrospective cohort study

Socio-demographic Predictors of Knowledge of Ebola Virus Disease among Future Healthcare Professionals

Ebola virus disease: epidemiology, clinical feature and the way forward

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