Is there a role for mast cells in psoriasis?

Abstract

Mast cells have traditionally been considered as eVector cells in allergy but during the last decade it has been realized that mast cells are essentially involved in the mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity. Upon activation by anaphylactic, piecemeal degranulation or degranulation-independent mechanisms mast cells can secrete rapidly or slowly a number of soluble mediators, such as serine proteinases, histamine, lipid-derived mediators, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Mast cells can express cell surface co-stimulatory receptors and ligands, and they can express MHC class II molecules and thereby present antigens. These soluble factors and cell surface molecules can interact with other cells, such as endothelial cells, keratinocytes, sensory nerves, neutrophils, T cell subsets and antigen presenting cells which are essential eVectors in the development of skin inXammation. Besides promoting inXammation, mast cells may attempt in some circumstances to suppress the inXammation and epidermal growth but the regulation between suppressive and proinXammatory mechanisms is unclear. Psoriasis is characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and chronic inXammation where tryptase-and chymase-positive MC TC mast cells are activated early in the developing lesion and later the cells increase in number in the upper dermis with concomitant expression of cytokines and TNF superfamily ligands as well as increased contacts with neuropeptide-containing sensory nerves. Due to the intimate involvement of mast cells in immunity and chronic inXammation the role of mast cells in psoriasis is discussed in this review.

Psoriasis and Fat-soluble Vitamins: A Review

“…Retinoids also have an inhibitory effect on cutaneous mast cells [11]. In psoriasis, mast cells, key cellular drivers of cytokine expression and perpetuation of lesions, are found activated and in greater number in the papillary dermis [12]. Antioxidant properties of vitamin A and its derivatives have also been implicated in its efficacy on psoriatic plaques [13,14].…”

Psychological and biological background of the interaction between psoriasis and stress

“…A külvilágból, illetve a központi idegrendszerből érkező információk ily módon történő szintetizálása után, azok eredőjének megfelelően, granulumaikból, a veleszületett és a szerzett immunitást aspecifi kusan befolyásoló mediátorok (hisztamin, heparin, triptáz, kimáz, proteináz, leukotriének, nitrogén-monoxid, prosztaglandin D2, leukotrién C4, citokinek és növekedési faktorok) szabadulhatnak fel, amelyek a vascularis permeabilitás fokozásán, ér-és idegrostkép-ződésen és a gyulladásos sejtek extravasatiójának és differenciálódásának elősegítésén keresztül fontos szerepet játszanak a patogénekkel való sikeres megküzdésben és így a homeosztázis fenntartásában, de a regulálórend-szerben bekövetkező egyensúlyvesztés esetén a különféle betegségek kialakulásában is. Ismerve a hízósejtekből felszabaduló anyagok és a felszínükön expresszált receptorok sokszínűségét, felmerül, hogy ezen sejtek kulcselemei lehetnek a pikkelysömörös gyulladás kialakulásának és talán a betegség stresszel való összefüggését is magyarázhatják [68]. Számos, pszichoneuroimmunológiai hátterű kórkép-ben (atopiás dermatitis, asztma, migrén, sclerosis multiplex) emelkedett számú hízósejtet találtak a betegség által érintett szövetekben.…”

Psoriasis, a Systemic Disease Beyond the Skin, as Evidenced by Psoriatic Arthritis and Many Comorbities – Clinical Remission with a Leishmania Amastigotes Vaccine, a Serendipity Finding

“…Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease triggered by dysregulated immune response and characterized by hyperproliferation and altered differentiation of keratinocytes, as well as mast cell accumulation and activation (Harvima et al, 2008). Mast cells are increased in lesional psoriatic skin (Özdamar et al, 1996), and have important functions as sensors of environmental and emotional stress (Paus et al, 2006;Harvima et al, 1993) possibly due to direct activation by corticotrophin release hormone (CRH) and related peptides secreted under stress (Theoharides et al, 2004;Katsarou-Katsari et al, 1999;Church & Clough 1999;Harvima et al, 1993;Fortune et al, 2005;Harvima et al, 1996).…”