Is there a role for estrogen and progesterone receptors in gall bladder cancer?

Shukla, Parul J.; Barreto, Savio George; Gupta, Priyamvada; Neve, Rakesh; Ramadwar, Mukta; Deodhar, Kedar; Mehta, Shaesta; Shrikhande, S. V.; Mohandas, K. M.

doi:10.1080/13651820701481489

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, ERβ, not ERα, may be an essential prognostic factor for GBC. In fact, expression of ERβ has been considered as an independent factor of prognosis in pleural mesothelioma (Shukla et al, 2007). In the prostate cancer, ERβ was as the prognostic factor as well (Albores-Saavedra et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussion Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nakamura et al (1989), in patients with GBC, found ERs expression more in moderately (50%) to poorly (100%) differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors (44%). However, there were some reports which failed to detect the expression of ERs in the GBC (Shukla et al, 2007;Albores-Saavedra et al, 2008).…”

Section: 2185 Potential Therapeutic Targets Of the Primary Gallbladdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Zhang

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Gallbladder carcinoma, the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract system, has always been considered to feature late clinical presentation and diagnosis, limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, while the incidence of gallbladder cancer has appeared to be on the increase, the available treatment methods have not greatly improved survival of the affected patients. Thus, exploring new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease is an urgent matter at present. Epidemical studies have demonstrated that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma exhibits a distinct gender bias, affecting females two to three times more than males, pointing to crucial roles of estrogen. It is well known that estrogen acts on target tissues by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), which are mainly divided into three subtypes, ERα, ERβ and ERγ. ERα and ERβ appear to have overlapping but also unique even opposite biological effects. As important pathogenic mediators, ERs have been considered to relate to several kinds of tumors. In gallbladder carcinoma tissue, ERs have been shown to be positively expressed, and ERs expression levels are associated with differentiation and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of estrogen inducing growth of gallbladder carcinoma remain poorly understood. On the base of the current investigations, we deduce that estrogen participates in promotion of gallbladder carcinoma by influencing the formation of gallstones, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting abnormal proliferation. Since ERs mediate the carcinogenic actions of estrogen in gallbladder, and therapy targeting ERs may provide new directions for gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, it should be stressed that ERs are potential therapeutic targets for gallbladder carcinoma.

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Section: Discussion Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2185 Potential Therapeutic Targets Of the Primary Gallbladdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Zhang

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) in resected/biopsied specimens of gallbladder carcinoma. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The rationale behind this was that if hormone receptor expression could be demonstrated in gallbladder cancers, this could offer an additional therapeutic strategy in the form of anti-hormone therapy. Hormone receptor expression is routinely evaluated in breast cancer where it serves to prognosticate as well as guide treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones and gallbladder cancer in women

Barreto

Haga

Shukla

2009

Indian J Gastroenterol

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Epidemiological evidence suggests that the incidence of gallstone disease and gallbladder cancer is higher in women. We analyzed the literature on estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in gallbladder cancer in women. A systematic search was done using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for the years 1983-2009. The search terms used included 'gallbladder', 'gallstone', 'oestrogen/estrogen', 'progesterone', 'cancer', 'cholelithiasis', 'hormone,' and 'motility'. Hormone receptor expression in gallbladder cancer was analyzed in 11 studies of which immunohistochemistry was used in 10 and enzyme immunoassay in one study. Sample sizes varied 141. Estrogen and/or progesterone receptor expression was detectable in gallbladder cancer tissue samples in nine studies, whereas four studies failed to confirm these findings. The data on the association of hormone receptor expression to tumor differentiation is contradictory and needs further evaluation.

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“…GBC has a female preponderance (about 75% globally) and the mean age of presentation in various reports is around 55 years [14,16,17,18]. In the present study, the mean age of GBC patients was 43.87 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Prognostic Significance of K-<b><i>ras</i></b> Codon 12 Mutation in Patients with Resected Gallbladder Cancer

et al. 2013

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Background: Point mutation of K-ras is associated with carcinogenesis and overall survival in various cancers. We investigated the mutational spectrum of K-ras codon 12 in resected normal and gallbladder cancer tissue samples in a Northern Indian population and correlated it with different clinicopathological parameters. Patients and Methods: Gallbladder tissues from normal (n = 24) and cancer patients (n = 39) were analyzed for K-ras codon 12 mutation by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was carried out using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference between survival curves was analyzed by the log-rank test. Results: The frequency of K-ras mutation was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in gallbladder cancer tissue samples (16/39) compared to normal samples (1/24). Patients with K-ras mutation had a significantly decreased overall survival (p = 0.003), particularly for stage II (p = 0.021) and III (p = 0.009) cancers. No significant correlation was observed with any of the other clinicopathological factors studied. Conclusions: Gallbladder cancer has a high frequency of K-ras codon 12 mutation with poorer outcomes in resected stage II and III disease. K-ras mutational analysis has important prognostic implications that need to be investigated further.

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Is there a role for estrogen and progesterone receptors in gall bladder cancer?

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Hormones and gallbladder cancer in women

Prognostic Significance of K-<b><i>ras</i></b> Codon 12 Mutation in Patients with Resected Gallbladder Cancer

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