Is there a relationship between the use of motorcycles and the level of development of countries?

Bastos, Suzana Quinet de Andrade; Gama, Fábio Júnior Clemente; Assis, Tiana de Paula; Milosz, Matheus

doi:10.2478/bog-2020-0031

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The increased death rates were related to the increased motorized 2–3 wheelers in our study which was supported by others [ 14 , 20 , 21 ]. The use of motorized 2–3 wheelers increase the chances of getting a job in poor countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates over a decade: a global study

2022

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Background Motorized 2–3-wheelers-related death is high due to the exposed body of the driver/passenger and the high speed. The United Nation (UN) Decade of Action for road safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by 50% by the year 2020. We aimed to study the factors affecting the death rates of motorized 2–3 wheelers injured victims and whether the reduction in the death rates has met the UN target. Methods Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2009 to 2018 which covered the years of 2007 to 2016. Studied variables included motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates, percentage of helmet-wearing rate, helmet law enforcement, speed law enforcement, gross national income per capita, vehicles/person ratio, and motorized 2–3 wheelers/person ratio. A mixed linear model was used to define factors affecting the change of motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates over time. Results The global mean motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates increased from 2.37/100,000 population to 3.23/100,000 population over the studied decade (a relative ratio of 1.36) which was not statistically significant. Factors that affected mortality included GNI (p = 0.025), motorized 2–3 wheelers per person ratio (p < 0.0001), percentage of helmet wearing rate (p = 0.046), and the interaction between vehicle/person ratio and motorized 2–3 wheelers/person ratio (p = 0.016). There was a significant increase in the death rates over time in the low-income countries (a relative ratio of 2.52, p = 0.019, Friedman test), and middle-income countries (a relative ratio of 1.46, p < 0.0001, Friedman test), compared with a significant decrease in the high-income countries (a relative ratio of 0.72, p < 0.0001, Friedman test). Conclusions Global mortality of motorized 2–3 wheelers has increased by a relative ratio of 1.36 over a recent decade. The UN target of reducing death was not met. The increase was related to the increase in motorized 2–3 wheelers per person ratio and economic inequity which has to be addressed globally. The economic global gap significantly impacts the mortality rates of motorized 2–3 wheelers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This ratio declines later on when the GNI increases more. Cars will be preferred at this stage because they are safer and more comfortable [ 6 , 21 , 28 – 30 ]. The increased GNI is also related to the effective implementation of road safety regulations (including helmet law), and improvement in medical care [ 28 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates over a decade: a global study

2022

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“…Whereas heterogeneity of traffic is not considered, few studies incorporate different vehicle classes to evaluate speed differentials on horizontal alignment [39]. Developing countries, such as Malaysia, have higher motorcycle ownership and dependency rates than developed countries because of their lower socioeconomic status [40]. Several studies have found significant speed differences between passenger cars and heavy vehicles while traversing tangent to curve sections [41].…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed Behavior of Heterogeneous Traffic on Two-Lane Rural Roads in Malaysia

Faiz¹,

Mashros²,

Hassan³

2022

Sustainability

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Highway geometry is a significant factor that affects the efficiency and safety of highway systems. The present study aims to investigate the speed behavior of various vehicle classes on the horizontal alignment of two-lane rural roads. An automatic data collection system based on a pressure sensor was employed to collect the speed of each individual vehicle, vehicle type, and headway at seven sites in each travel direction. The 85th percentile speed under free-flow conditions was used to observe the relationship between the operating speeds of various vehicle classes at consecutive curve points and the effect of the travel direction, time of day, and curve radius on the operating speed of the vehicle. A one-way ANOVA was employed to evaluate whether there is a significant difference in speed on horizontal curves. Then, a Tukey post hoc test was used to assess the significance of the difference in speed across four classes of vehicles. The results revealed that the horizontal curve affects the operating speed for all vehicle classes. A curve radius of less than 500 m, the travel direction, and the time of day are significant variables that affect the speed of all vehicle classes. The findings from this study can provide insight to transportation engineers for safer road design of horizontal curves and to assess traffic safety based on actual speed behavior.

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“…These vehicles offer numerous advantages, including their small size, which makes them easier to park, and their low maintenance and insurance costs. In contrast, motorcycles in developed countries are often more advanced (with higher cylinder engines), generally do not carry passengers, and are mostly used for recreational purposes, such as extreme sports and road trips [3]. Typically, the higher the human development index of a country, the lower the usage of motorcycles, although this relationship is not strictly linear [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis of Passenger Comfort with Variable Preloaded Rear Springs on a Low-Cylinder Motorcycle

Jiménez-Canoas,

Collazos-Burbano,

García-Melo

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The present study contains an experimental analysis of the vibratory response in a low-cylinder engine motorcycle at varying suspension preloads. Three different speed bumps of varying heights were used to subject the motorcycle to different vibrations. The analysis was carried out in three domains: time, frequency, and time-frequency. A triaxial accelerometer was used to measure the vibrations at the seat of the vehicle. The results indicated that the suspension system became more differentiated as the height of the bumps increased. However, for lower bumps, the action of the three spring preloads studied was quite similar. Quantitatively, only the higher bump showed a significant difference between the set preloads. The spectral distribution revealed that the frequency of interest was below 20 Hz for all the studied cases, which is in the same range of human body natural frequencies. The findings of this research can be utilized to enhance the design of low-cost motorcycles, thereby improving the safety and comfort of their drivers and passengers. This study constitutes a significant step towards developing an affordable system capable of gathering sufficient data to support the creation of evidence-based public health policies and propose new transport industry standards based on field measurements.

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Is there a relationship between the use of motorcycles and the level of development of countries?

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates over a decade: a global study

Motorized 2–3 wheelers death rates over a decade: a global study

Speed Behavior of Heterogeneous Traffic on Two-Lane Rural Roads in Malaysia

Experimental Analysis of Passenger Comfort with Variable Preloaded Rear Springs on a Low-Cylinder Motorcycle

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