Is there a relationship between PTSD and complicated obesity? A review of the literature

Aaseth, Jan; Roer, Grethe Emilie; Lien, Lars; Bjørklund, Geir

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108834

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…On the other hand, the sex differences of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis 20) can support our results. HPA is a potential mechanism associated with both PTSD and metabolic disease 21) . Although psychological stress elevates cortisol levels 22) , it could not be observed in only male samples 23) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

Takahashi

Ohira

Okazaki

et al. 2020

JAT

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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident dramatically changed the lifestyle of residents who lived near the plant. We evaluated the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with specific lifestyle-and disaster-related factors in residents following the accident. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 20,920 residents who underwent both the Comprehensive Health Check and the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey from June 2011 to March 2012. Associations between MetS and lifestyle-and disaster-related factors, including psychological distress (post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), were estimated using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors, in 2019. Results: MetS was present in 30.4% of men and 11.5% of women. There were significant differences in smoking, drinking status, and PTSD prevalence between subjects with and without MetS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, quitting smoking, light to moderate drinking, and low physical activity were significantly associated with MetS. Moreover, PTSD was also significantly associated with MetS in women. Conclusions: Lifestyle-and disaster-related factors, including PTSD, were associated with MetS among subjects who lived near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

Takahashi

Ohira

Okazaki

et al. 2020

JAT

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“…This involvement of the ghrelin system in different physiological processes has sparked a discussion about its role in a variety of pathological conditions like obesity and eating disorders, but also addictive disorders as well as anxiety disorders, PTSD and mood disorders (for review see Labarthe et al, 2014;Wittekind and Kluge, 2015;Bali and Jaggi, 2016;Stievenard et al, 2016;Jiao et al, 2017;Shi et al, 2017). The potential role of the ghrelin system is further underscored by the notion that mood-, anxietyand trauma-related disorders are often associated with metabolic dysregulation and also show a high level of comorbidity with obesity or eating disorders (Scott et al, 2008;Ng et al, 2013;Mason et al, 2014;Meng and D'Arcy, 2015;Aaseth et al, 2019). It is very likely that comorbid diseases share a common neurobiological pathology, which could be of use to gain a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and to identify potential therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Ghrelin As a Vantage Point?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Good, the Bad and the Unknown Aspects of Ghrelin in Stress Coping and Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders

Fritz

Singewald

Bundel

2020

Front. Synaptic Neurosci.

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Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released by specialized X/A cells in the stomach and activated by acylation. Following its secretion, it binds to ghrelin receptors in the periphery to regulate energy balance, but it also acts on the central nervous system where it induces a potent orexigenic effect. Several types of stressors have been shown to stimulate ghrelin release in rodents, including nutritional stressors like food deprivation, but also physical and psychological stressors such as foot shocks, social defeat, forced immobilization or chronic unpredictable mild stress. The mechanism through which these stressors drive ghrelin release from the stomach lining remains unknown and, to date, the resulting consequences of ghrelin release for stress coping remain poorly understood. Indeed, ghrelin has been proposed to act as a stress hormone that reduces fear, anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in rodents but some studies suggest that ghrelin may-in contrast-promote such behaviors. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of the ghrelin system in stress coping. We discuss whether ghrelin release is more than a byproduct of disrupted energy homeostasis following stress exposure. Furthermore, we explore the notion that ghrelin receptor signaling in the brain may have effects independent of circulating ghrelin and in what way this might influence stress coping in rodents. Finally, we examine how the ghrelin system could be utilized as a therapeutic avenue in stressrelated psychiatric disorders (with a focus on anxiety-and trauma-related disorders), for example to develop novel biomarkers for a better diagnosis or new interventions to tackle relapse or treatment resistance in patients.

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“…PTSD and depressive symptoms may be linked to overweight and obesity through direct physiological pathways and indirect psychological pathways. The direct pathways include higher levels of glucocorticoids, which are known to promote weight gain, and immunological dysregulation; proinflammatory cytokines have a negative impact on both mood and eating behaviour (Aaseth, Roer, Lien, & Bjørklund, 2019; Markowitz, Friedman, & Arent, 2008). Indirect psychological pathways are lower adherence or motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle in those who experience PTSD or depressive symptoms (Aaseth et al, 2019; Markowitz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct pathways include higher levels of glucocorticoids, which are known to promote weight gain, and immunological dysregulation; proinflammatory cytokines have a negative impact on both mood and eating behaviour (Aaseth, Roer, Lien, & Bjørklund, 2019; Markowitz, Friedman, & Arent, 2008). Indirect psychological pathways are lower adherence or motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle in those who experience PTSD or depressive symptoms (Aaseth et al, 2019; Markowitz et al, 2008). Another mechanism involves hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning, which may be altered in those who have experienced childhood adversity and is also associated with the development of overweight and obesity (Miller, Arbel, Shapiro, Han, & Margolin, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial in obese women with infertility improved body composition among those who experienced childhood adversity

et al. 2020

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Previous research indicates that tailoring lifestyle interventions to participant characteristics optimizes intervention effectiveness. Our objective was to assess whether the effects of a preconception lifestyle intervention in obese infertile women depended on women's exposure to adversity in childhood. A follow‐up of a preconception lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial (the LIFEstyle study) was conducted in the Netherlands among 577 infertile women (age 18–39 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m2 at time of randomization; N = 110 (19%) consented to the follow‐up assessment, 6 years later. A 6‐month preconception lifestyle intervention aimed weight loss through improving diet and increasing physical activity. The control group received care as usual. Outcome measures included weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. The potential moderator, childhood adversity, was assessed with the Life Events Checklist‐5 questionnaire. Among the 110 women in our follow‐up study, n = 65 (59%) reported no childhood adverse events, n = 28 (25.5%) reported 1 type of childhood adverse events and n = 17 (15.5%) reported ≥2 types of childhood adverse events. Regression models showed significant interactions between childhood adversity and effects of lifestyle intervention at the 6‐year follow‐up. Among women who experienced childhood adversity, the intervention significantly reduced weight (−10.0 [95% CI −18.5 to −1.5] kg, p = 0.02), BMI (−3.2 [−6.1 to −0.2] kg/m2, p = 0.04) and body fat percentage (−4.5 [95% CI −7.2 to −1.9] p < 0.01). Among women without childhood adversity, the intervention did not affect these outcomes (2.7 [−3.9 to 9.4] kg, p = 0.42), (0.9 [−1.4 to 3.3] kg/m2, p = 0.42) and (1.7 [95% CI −0.3 to 3.7] p = 0.10), respectively. Having a history of childhood adversity modified the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention on women's body composition. If replicated, it may be important to consider childhood adversity as a determinant of lifestyle intervention effectiveness.

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Is there a relationship between PTSD and complicated obesity? A review of the literature

Cited by 33 publications

References 77 publications

Effects of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

Effects of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

The Good, the Bad and the Unknown Aspects of Ghrelin in Stress Coping and Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders

A lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial in obese women with infertility improved body composition among those who experienced childhood adversity

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