Is There a Relationship between Lake Urmia Saline Lakebed Emissions and Wet Deposition Composition in the Caucasus Region?

Ahmady‐Birgani, Hesam; Ravan, Parisa; Schlosser, Joseph S.; Cuevas-Robles, Alberto; Aghdam, Mojtaba Azadi; Sorooshian, Armin

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00320

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Earlier works by Ahmady‐Birgani et al. (2020, 2021) and Ravan et al. (2019) reported elevated values of these elements and species in nearby locations to Lake Urmia (i.e., Golmankhaneh, Salmas, and Ashk Island).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In sum, unlike the winter season that contains the lowest values of marine components, the highest concentration of these ions appears in March, April, May, and June (i.e., in the late winter to spring months). Earlier works by Ahmady-Birgani et al (2020, 2021 and Ravan et al (2019) reported elevated values of these elements and species in nearby locations to Lake Urmia (i.e., Golmankhaneh, Salmas, and Ashk Island). Meaning, rainwater samples have been affecting by marine elements and ions near 40km farthest from the Lake's shoreline.…”

Section: Monthly and Seasonal Variability In Different Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The rainwater samples were collected in HDPE containers, and approximately 250 ml of rainwater equivalent to 8 mm precipitation was stored. Care was taken to collect the samples once the rain initiated to rain, as the concentration of aerosols and pollutants are in the highest quantity (Ahmady‐Birgani et al., 2020, 2021; Khan & Sarwar, 2014). Before sampling, the containers were rinsed with ultra‐pure water and positioned out away from buildings, animals, and all pollutant sources at the height of 1 m. Also, the containers were mounted out precisely at the beginning of rain events to avoid any possible contamination of dry deposition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…& Khalesifard., 2020; Quick & Chadwick., 2011). So, as a critical challenge, the nature and concentration of Lake Urmia emissions for dwellers and adjacent lands are still vague (Abuduwaili et al, 2010;Aghakouchak et al, 2015;Ahmady-Birgani et al, 2021. Therefore, the role of the Lake Urmia basin as the source of dust emission in its nearby regions is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So it is inferred that shoreline recession of saline lakes and subsequently emitting salt‐bearing particles will create saline dust storms which might be transported for thousands of kilometers (Ghomashi & Khalesifard., 2020; Quick & Chadwick., 2011). So, as a critical challenge, the nature and concentration of Lake Urmia emissions for dwellers and adjacent lands are still vague (Abuduwaili et al., 2010; Aghakouchak et al., 2015; Ahmady‐Birgani et al., 2021, 2020). Therefore, the role of the Lake Urmia basin as the source of dust emission in its nearby regions is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

et al. 2022

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Lake Urmia, NW Iran, and S Caucasus region, has lost approximately three‐fourth of its water volume resulting in increased exposure of lacustrine deposits. Therefore, the role of Lake Urmia desiccated saline lands on local aerosols and rainwater compositions is still vague. This study investigates the temporal and seasonal patterns of rainwater chemistry from January 2018 to June 2018 (six months) in 13 stations throughout the Lake Urmia basin. The samples collected were analyzed using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐QQQ) and ion chromatography (IC) to measure elemental and ionic concentrations. Then, the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) was applied to identify the pathway and contribution of emissions. The results depict that the concentration of elemental and ionic components over different parts of the Lake Urmia basin are significantly different. West and north directions have the highest concentrations of marine ions associated with fewer toxic elements. In contrast, the east and south directions show a high concentration of heavy metal elements and ions. The high level of heavy and toxic elements at the east and south directions indicates that local anthropogenic sources are more influential. The seasonal and monthly variabilities of chemical compositions depict that the highest concentration of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, Br−, NO3−, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co were in the spring season and SO42−, NH4+ and NO2− were highest in winter. Seasonal variation for MSA, organic acids (i.e., Pyruvate, Adipate, and Oxalate), Ni, Cu, Zn, V, and Ti were not apparent. Cluster‐mean HYSPLIT backward trajectories results show the most dominant air mass sectors are from W (a: Iraq, Syria, and Arabian deserts; b: Mediterranean Sea; and c: KSA) and NE (the Caspian Sea and its vicinity), contributed to almost 65% and 22%, respectively. These air masses bring a significant quantity of crustal and marine aerosols, respectively. It is inferred that the Lake Urmia dried‐up lakebeds have less impact on the contribution of emissions across the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Monthly and Seasonal Variability In Different Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

et al. 2022

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Investigation on biological activities for combating desertification in the western shores of Lake Urmia, Northwest Iran

et al. 2023

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Lake Urmia, Northwest Iran, has confronted a drying procedure in recent years with losing 90% of its water body. The authorities concerned about desertification processes and possible dust events throughout the region. In this regard, the Iranian Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization has taken ecological measures to plant vegetation using salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) shrubs to combat desertification. This study aimed to investigate the vegetation and soil characteristics of natural and plantation stands of salt cedar on the western shores of Lake Urmia. To this end, 7 transects were randomly selected with 15 shrubs in natural stands, and 7 transects were randomly selected with 15 shrubs in the plantation parts along the planting rows. Then, vegetative characteristics were examined. Also, soil samples were taken from the vicinity of the shrubs. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of salt cedar in natural sites. There was a significant difference between the mean number of sprouts per sprout-clumps, mean crown diameter, collar diameter, total height, and also between mean crown diameter and freshness of shrubs among different sites (P<0.05). It was also found that soil variables, such as clay content, organic matter, electrical conductivity (EC), Na + , specific absorption rate (SAR), Cl -, SO 2-4 , Na + , K + , and PO 2-4 are the most significant variable parameters between studied sites. As the results shown, the values of EC, SAR, Na + , and Clare 6 times higher in the planted stands than in the natural stands of T. ramosissima. Also, the colonization of T. ramosissima in the planted stands is unsuccessful by dramatic drop in the total height and average diameter. Considering the role of soil characteristics in explaining the variance of data and site separation, it seems that these indicators can be applied in executive plans as important indicators to identify suitable planting sites for combating desertification.

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Understanding saline lake sand dunes dynamics: Coupling remote sensing techniques and field studies

Ahmady‐Birgani

Ravan

Yao

et al. 2023

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Is There a Relationship between Lake Urmia Saline Lakebed Emissions and Wet Deposition Composition in the Caucasus Region?

Cited by 6 publications

References 109 publications

Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

Wet Scavenging in Removing Chemical Compositions and Aerosols: A Case Study Over the Lake Urmia

Investigation on biological activities for combating desertification in the western shores of Lake Urmia, Northwest Iran

Understanding saline lake sand dunes dynamics: Coupling remote sensing techniques and field studies

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