Is There a Link between COVID-19 and Periodontal Disease? A Narrative Review

Abstract

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affected human well-being, social behavior, global economy, and healthcare systems. Everyday clinical practice in dentistry has been adjusted to the increased hazards of aerosol production by routine dental procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine possible mechanisms of a relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis, as well as describe findings from relevant epidemiological studies.Scarce data exist in the literature that directly addresses the relationship between the two diseases. However, several data describe the role of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues as portals of entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the contribution of cytokines known to be produced in periodontal disease to severe forms of COVID-19. It is also suggested from the current literature that periodontal disease, shown to be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, shares common risk factors with—especially—severe forms of COVID-19.Further clinical studies are required to establish the relationship between these diseases. Oral hygiene performance and intact periodontal tissues can assist in mitigating the pandemic, and it is suggested that dental practitioners can contribute to identifying at-risk patients.

COVID- 19 e condições de saúde bucal: uma revisão integrativa

“…É importante considerar que indivíduos com idade avançada (acima de 65 anos) são pacientes de risco para o desenvolvimento da Covid-19 em sua forma mais crítica em decorrência da presença de comorbidades e da reduzida resposta do sistema imune nessa faixa etária. Outro fator de risco para a forma grave da doença é a obesidade devido às manifestações de respostas inflamatórias amplificadas (GRIGORIADIS et al, 2022).…”

“…Esses receptores estão presentes nas células do epitélio de diversas áreas da mucosa bucal, mas concentram-se principalmente na superfície da língua. A expressão dessa proteína nas papilas gustativas pode explicar o sintoma frequente de disgeusia nas infecções por SARS-CoV-2 (GRIGORIADIS et al, 2022).…”

“…Nessa perspectiva, é importante entender a possível relação entre a Covid -19 e as alterações bucais, a fim de esclarecer o papel da cavidade bucal como portal de entrada de SARS-CoV-2, bem como a conexão de fatores de risco para Covid-19 com a doença periodontal, analisando a plausibilidade biológica desta relação (GRIGORIADIS et al, 2022). Restando assim, um total de 9 artigos que compuseram o quadro de revisão deste trabalho (Figura 1).…”

Orofacial and facial pain during the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. Choosing a non-steroid anti-inflammator – focus on nimesulide

“…Слизистая оболочка полости рта высоковосприимчива к инфекции SARS-CoV-2, что обусловлено широким распространением АПФ2 в ротовой полости, главным образом эпителиальных клетках слизистой оболочки полости рта, фибробластах пародонтальной связки и деснах, и соответственно, может рассматриваться в качестве входных ворот для вируса SARS-CoV-2 и его резервуара [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19): A review

“…В ряде обзоров [2,[7][8][9]40] авторами отмечается, что повышенная выработка провоспалительных цитокинов, характерная для пародонтита, может играть определенную роль в ассоциации между патологией пародонта и COVID-19, в особенности с учетом сходного с COVID-19 профиля экспрессии цитокинов [41].…”