Is there a distinct continental slope fauna in the Antarctic?

Kaiser, Stefanie; Griffiths, Huw J.; Barnes, David K. A.; Brandão, Simone N.; Brandt, Angelika; O'Brien, P. E.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.017

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Brandt et al (2009) analysed the bathymetric depth ranges at polychaete family level within 100 m depth bins, showing that most families were spread over several thousand meters, although, species-level data may be more appropriate to assess depth zonation. Kaiser et al (2011) showed that many isopods in the Southern Ocean were restricted to slope depths with a possibility of the existence of a unique Southern Ocean slope fauna, Recently, tanaid data from the Ross Sea suggested the presence of a distinct slope fauna and strong structuring of tanaid assemblages by depth (Pabis et al 2015b). The use of DNA techniques for taxonomic purposes has revealed the existence of cryptic species in Southern Ocean fauna (e.g.…”

Section: Discussion Large-scale Patterns In Polychaete Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

et al. 2017

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Based on a dataset of 16,991 and 307 morphospecies of polychaete worms collected from 58 epibenthic sledge deployments across the Scotia and Amundsen Seas, we show that the structures of their shelf, deep-shelf and slope communities are composed of distinct polychaete assemblages spanning regions with Bhigh^, Bintermediate^, and Blow^biodi-versity. Depth has been identified as the main factor structuring the polychaete communities in both seas, countering the prevalent notion of extended eurybathy of the Southern Ocean benthos. From an evolutionary perspective, this strong dissimilarity between shelf and slope fauna could be interpreted as evidence for survival in shelf refugias, rather than migration into deeper waters during glacial maxima. The previously unsampled Amundsen Sea is shown to be diverse, harbouring a high level of taxonomic novelty, with many species new to science. The polychaete community of the inner shelf in the Amundsen Sea (Pine Island Bay) has also been shown to be of deep-sea character, likely due to intrusion of the Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf. In the Scotia Sea, our data support the notion of relatively high biodiversity of waters around the South Orkney Islands, South Georgia, and Shag Rocks (all recently established as Marine Protected Areas) and depressed diversity in the extreme environment of Southern Thule.

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Section: Discussion Large-scale Patterns In Polychaete Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

et al. 2017

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“…The debate about species richness, rarity, level of endemism and distribution patterns is ongoing because wide areas have been sparsely, if ever, sampled (Kaiser et al , 2009). Recent studies have indicated that the Antarctic slope is an important biodiversity hot spot for benthic fauna (Kaiser et al , 2011Pabis et al 2015), with a unique slope fauna in some regions of the Southern Ocean (Kaiser et al 2011). Moreover, the Southern Ocean deep sea may provide an early warning system for understanding the effect of global warning on resident marine fauna (Kaiser and Barnes 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML) program have highlighted that a taxonomic inventory of the shelf benthic fauna in the Southern Ocean is still far from complete (De Broyer et al 2011;Griffiths et al 2011Griffiths et al , 2014 and that the knowledge on the diversity of benthic communities below shelf depth is especially scarce (e.g., Hilbig 2004;Blake and Narayanswamy 2004;Brandt et al 2007;Kaiser et al 2007Kaiser et al , 2011Post et al 2011;Griffiths et al 2014). The debate about species richness, rarity, level of endemism and distribution patterns is ongoing because wide areas have been sparsely, if ever, sampled (Kaiser et al , 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First insights into the deep-sea tanaidacean fauna of the Ross Sea: species richness and composition across the shelf break, slope and abyss

et al. 2015

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Tanaidaceans belong to the most severely underestimated groups of benthic macrofauna of the Southern Ocean. Here, we analyze 11 samples collected with a small-meshed epibenthic sled in the summer season of 2008, in the Ross Sea, at the shelf break, slope and abyss (365-3490 m). The material was obtained during a RV Tangaroa voyage as part of the New Zealand International Polar Year, Census of Antarctic Marine Life Project. Seventy-two species of Tanaidacea were recorded, 85 % of which were new to science. The most speciose genera are Typhlotanais, Pseudotanais and Paraleptognathia. Rare species (singletons and doubletons) constituted 60 % of the material. Each of the three studied depth zones was characterized by a unique tanaidacean fauna. Only few species (\6 %) occurred consistently in more than one depth zone. The highest number of species (31 species) was recorded in the abyssal sites, and the lowest number of species (20 species) at the shelf sites.

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“…On the other hand, there are historical similarities of the Antarctic fauna to those from northern regions (Cañete et al, 1999;Yasuhara et al, 2007;Kaiser et al, 2011), mainly in the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic region of South America (Clarke & Johnston, 2003;Clarke et al, 2005). The connection between both continents is through the Scotia Arc, and since it will have influenced dispersal of their marine fauna, we may question exactly how isolated was the SO (Clarke et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These notmutually-independent hypotheses are partially supported by fauna and geography and have been contrasted with abiotic factors of the SO (viz., Beu et al, 1997;Cañete et al, 1999;Yasuhara et al, 2007;Kaiser et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean areas of endemism: a reanalysis using benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Miranda

Cantero²,

Marques³

2013

lajar

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ABSTRACT. The biogeographic history of the Southern Ocean (SO) fauna is complex and poorly studied, especially the areas of endemism. We reanalyzed the data of Marques & Peña Cantero (2010), along with other geographical records of endemic benthic hydroids below 45ºS. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on 5º latitude by 5º longitude matrix with 61 species resulted in eight areas of endemism. We discuss these results in the context of different hypotheses of the evolution of the SO fauna and previously proposed biogeography patterns.

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Is there a distinct continental slope fauna in the Antarctic?

Cited by 37 publications

References 66 publications

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

First insights into the deep-sea tanaidacean fauna of the Ross Sea: species richness and composition across the shelf break, slope and abyss

Southern Ocean areas of endemism: a reanalysis using benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

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