Is there a deprivation and maternal education gradient to child obesity and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

Noonan, Robert J.; Fairclough, Stuart J.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12287

Cited by 22 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Extending beyond previous UK research [ 4 ], this study evidenced an income gradient to overweight and obesity among UK adolescents. Adolescents in the lowest income quantile were 2.1 and 4.1 times more likely to be overweight and obese compared to adolescents in the highest income quantile, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Adolescents in the lowest income quantile were 2.1 and 4.1 times more likely to be overweight and obese compared to adolescents in the highest income quantile, respectively. Previous research has revealed a deprivation and maternal education gradient to child overweight [ 4 ]. In this study, poverty was a strong influence on adolescent weight status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Child obesity is related to poor health across the life course [ 3 ]. There is strong evidence of an income gradient to child obesity in the UK, such that the burden of obesity falls disproportionately on children from poorer backgrounds [ 4 ]. Such inequalities are likely explained by differences in lifestyle behaviours including dietary intake [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Poverty, Weight Status, and Dietary Intake among UK Adolescents

Noonan

2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether an income gradient to overweight and obesity exists in UK adolescents, and (2) examine associations between poverty, weight status, and dietary intake among adolescent girls and boys. Data is from wave six of the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Adolescent height and weight were measured. Body mass index was calculated (kg/m2) and used to classify overweight and obesity. Family income and poverty were determined using equivalised household income. Adjusted logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Ten thousand seven hundred thirty-six adolescents (5425 boys) had complete data. Adolescents in the lowest income group were at greatest risk of overweight and obesity. Adolescents living in poverty were more likely to be overweight and obese, and reported more frequent consumption of sweetened drinks and fast food and less frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables (p < 0.001). The magnitude of poverty differences in weight status and dietary intake were greatest among girls. This study evidences a strong income gradient to overweight and obesity among UK adolescents. The findings of this study encourage researchers and policy makers to be equally mindful of the social determinants of health when advocating adolescent behavioural dietary interventions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Poverty, Weight Status, and Dietary Intake among UK Adolescents

Noonan

2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All measures were collected in the child’s home. To ensure consistency with earlier analyses [ 20 ], the present study only included English children who had complete anthropometric and physical activity data alongside the variables of interest, and for whom the main respondent to the study was the biological mother. Applying these criteria resulted in a final sample of 3661 (98.5%) child–mother dyads (1804 boys and 1857 girls).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Disadvantage, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Difficulties in Children’s Social-Emotional Well-Being

Noonan

Fairclough

2018

Behavioral Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study used data from wave four of the United Kingdom (U.K.) Millennium Cohort Study to examine whether there is an individual (i.e., maternal education) and area-level social disadvantage (i.e., neighborhood deprivation) gradient to difficulties in social-emotional well-being (SEW) in 7-year-old English children. We then investigated to what extent maternal psychological distress (Kessler 6 score) explains the relationship between social disadvantage indicators and boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties. Subjects consisted of 3661 child–mother dyads (1804 boys and 1857 girls). Results discerned gender differences in the effect social disadvantage indicators have on child SEW difficulties. Maternal education had a comparable effect on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties, but a steeper neighborhood deprivation gradient was evident for boys’ SEW difficulties compared to girls’ SEW difficulties. The effect of each social disadvantage indicator on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties was for most part direct and strong (p ≤ 0.001) rather than through maternal psychological distress, suggesting that the theoretical framework was incomplete. Here we demonstrate that where children are positioned on the social disadvantage gradient matters greatly to their SEW. Improving the living conditions and health of mothers with psychological distress may offer a pathway to improve child SEW.

show abstract

“…Obesity prevalence can also vary dramatically between local authority districts that are very close together geographically but which differ in relation to Indices of Deprivation (see Table 1; PHE 2019a). There is a strong relationship between deprivation and obesity with multiple measures of SES (Noonan & Fairclough 2018) and socio-economic inequalities in childhood obesity appear to have been widening over time (Noonan & Fairclough 2018;PHE 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐economic inequalities in childhood obesity: Can community level interventions help to reduce the gap?

Lockyer

Spiro

2019

Nutrition Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A link between higher rates of childhood obesity and deprivation has been noted in the UK, as well as several other European countries and the US. The drivers of obesity are complex and multi‐factorial, but socially and economically disadvantaged groups may be more vulnerable to many of these. Evidence that rates of obesity are rising faster in low‐income population groups, resulting in widening inequalities indicates that prevention policies must take account of socio‐economic factors. It has been suggested that community‐wide approaches placing less emphasis on individual responsibility or ‘agency’ (i.e. have less emphasis on aspects that require cognitive, psychological and material resources and time) can be more effective and equitable. This paper outlines examples of community approaches that may have contributed to the reported reductions in childhood obesity in some areas, particularly amongst deprived groups including Health, Exercise and Nutrition in the Really Young in Leeds, UK; Ensemble Prévenons l'Obésité Des Enfants and Amsterdam’s citywide Healthy Weight Programme. The policies enacted that improved the nutrition environment and increased opportunities for physical activity in four US sites (the Childhood Obesity Declines project) are also considered. It is clear that there is no silver bullet for tackling childhood obesity. A whole systems approach that takes into account more holistically the reasons why healthy diet and lifestyles may be less available to families on low incomes is needed.

show abstract

Is there a deprivation and maternal education gradient to child obesity and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Poverty, Weight Status, and Dietary Intake among UK Adolescents

Poverty, Weight Status, and Dietary Intake among UK Adolescents

Social Disadvantage, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Difficulties in Children’s Social-Emotional Well-Being

Socio‐economic inequalities in childhood obesity: Can community level interventions help to reduce the gap?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About