Is There a Crime Drop in Western Europe?

Aebi, Marcelo F.; Linde, Antonia

doi:10.1007/s10610-010-9130-y

Cited by 100 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Of the offences not presented in Figure 1, there has been a substantial increase since 2000 in drug offences (from 365 per 100,000 to 937 in 2010), although this may have been the outcome of intensified police controls. Generally speaking, Swedish crime trends appear similar to those of other Nordic and West European countries (Aebi & Linde 2010;von Hofer 2011). As concerns violent offences, the total annual volume of assaults reported to the police has increased substantially over the last thirty years (see Figure 2), especially among school-age victims (7-14 years old).…”

Section: Good Access To Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 52%

Crime and criminology in Sweden

Llanes-Estrada¹,

Pettersson

Shannon³

2012

European Journal of Criminology

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Background Sweden is a sparsely populated country of 9 million people, geographically located on the margins of the European Union (EU). Approximately one-third of the population lives in the three metropolitan areas of Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö, and around 14 percent of Sweden's population are born overseas. Sweden is often described, together with Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway, as a welfare country characterized by low levels of income inequality (Lappi-Seppälä and Tonry, 2011). Prior to an election defeat in 1976, the Social Democrats had been in government since 1933, and Sweden had constructed what has been referred to as a welfare state par excellence (Tham, 1995). Although the Social Democrats quickly regained power, and governed until 2006 (with the exception of the period 1991-4), the Swedish political climate was influenced from the 1980s onwards by the international shift towards neoliberal ideas. The Social Democrats introduced changes to welfare policy, including, notably, gradually deregulating the economy. Today Sweden has a centre-right coalition government led by the conservative New Moderates. The consistent postwar 'party of government', the Social Democrats, is facing a serious challenge in the area of agenda-setting, and Sweden has become less different from the rest of Western Europe. Criminologists have also often described the Scandinavian countries as distinct from the rest of Europe, being characterized by low prison populations, knowledge-based crime policy and an absence of punitivity in the public debate (Lappi-Seppälä and Tonry, 2011). In his description of '"Scandinavian exceptionalism" in an era of penal excess', however, Pratt (2008) sees dark clouds on the Swedish horizon. In the early 1990s, Sweden suffered an economic crisis that tripled the unemployment rate (from around 3 to 9 percent) and produced major welfare policy cutbacks. Effects on living conditions

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Section: Good Access To Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 52%

Crime and criminology in Sweden

Llanes-Estrada¹,

Pettersson

Shannon³

2012

European Journal of Criminology

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“…The analyses included in this article are based on the data on conviction statistics included in the four editions of the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics (hereafter European Sourcebook) that cover the years 1990 to 2007 (CoE 1999; Killias et al 2003;Aebi et al , 2010. 10 However, almost half of the 26 countries studied in this article were unable to provide data on persons convicted for 2007.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conviction Statistics as an Indicator of Crime Trends in Europe from 1990 to 2006

Aebi

Linde

2011

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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Convictions statistics were the first criminal statistics available in Europe during the nineteenth century. Their main weaknesses as crime measures and for comparative purposes were identified by Alphonse de Candolle in the 1830s. Currently, they are seldom used by comparative criminologists, although they provide a less valid but more reliable measure of crime and formal social control than police statistics. This article uses conviction statistics, compiled from the four editions of the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics, to study the evolution of persons convicted in European countries from 1990 to 2006. Trends in persons convicted for six offences -intentional homicide, assault, rape, robbery, theft, and drug offences-and up to 26 European countries are analysed. These trends are established for the whole of Europe as well as for a cluster of Western European countries and a cluster of Central and Eastern European countries. The analyses show similarities between both regions of Europe at the beginning and at the end of the period under study. After a general increase of the rate of persons convicted in the early 1990s in the whole of Europe, trends followed different directions in Western and in Central and Eastern Europe. However, during the 2000s, it can be observed, throughout Europe, a certain stability of the rates of persons convicted for intentional homicides, accompanied by a general decrease of the rate of persons convicted for property offences, and an increase of the rate of those convicted for drug offences. The latter goes together with an increase of the rate of persons convicted for non lethal violent offences, which only reached some stability at the end of the time series. These trends show that there is no Eur J Crim Policy Res (2012)

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“…In particular, the growth of security measures in households and the increasing emphasis on private security have been linked to the drop in property offences (Aebi and Linde 2010;Clarke and Newman 2006;Van Dijk 2007;Vollaard and Van Ours 2011). The increased amount of security devices installed in homes and businesses has also recently been found to be the most likely explanation responsible for the drop in crime since the mid 1990s .…”

Section: Crime Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can burglary prevention be low-carbon and effective? Investigating the environmental performance of burglary prevention measures

Skudder

Brunton‐Smith

Tseloni

et al. 2017

Secur J

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There has been limited study to date on the environmental impacts of crime prevention measures. We address this shortfall by estimating the carbon footprint associated with the most widely used burglary prevention measures: door locks, window locks, burglar alarms, lighting and CCTV cameras. We compare these footprints with a measure of their effectiveness, the security protection factor, allowing us to identify those measures that are both low-carbon and effective in preventing burglary. Window locks are found to be the most effective and lowcarbon measure available individually. Combinations of window locks, door locks, external and indoor lightings are also shown to be effective and low-carbon. Burglar alarms and CCTV do not perform as strongly, with low security against burglary and higher carbon footprints. This information can be used to help inform more sustainable choices of burglary prevention within households as well as for crime prevention product design.

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Is There a Crime Drop in Western Europe?

Cited by 100 publications

References 30 publications

Crime and criminology in Sweden

Crime and criminology in Sweden

Conviction Statistics as an Indicator of Crime Trends in Europe from 1990 to 2006

Can burglary prevention be low-carbon and effective? Investigating the environmental performance of burglary prevention measures

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