Is the urinary iodine/creatinine ratio applicable to assess short term individual iodine status in Chinese adults? Comparison of iodine estimates from 24-h urine and timed-spot urine samples in different periods of the day

Liu, Zhuan; Lin, Yixuan; Wu, Jiani; Chen, Diqun; Wu, Xuesong; Lan, Ying; Chen, Zhihui

doi:10.1186/s12986-022-00656-6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…At the population level, iodine status is typically evaluated by the MUIC from spot urine samples [15] . However, at an individual level, spot urine iodine levels may not accurately re ect iodine status due to signi cant day-to-day and within-day variations in urine iodine concentrations [17][18] . Currently, 24-hour UIE is considered a quasi-reference standard for assessing individual-level iodine status because it reduces hydration-dependent variations in iodine excretion [16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild-iodine-deficiency based on 24-hour urinary iodine excretion leads to significant metabolic changes in pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy

Fan,

Bu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The effects of mild iodine deficiency during the first and second trimesters on both pregnant women themselves and their offspring exhibited in consistent patterns. In this study, we aimed to address this issue by employing small molecule metabolomics. A total of 98 pregnant women in either the first or second trimester were recruited, with comprehensive data including basic information, 24-hour urine samples and blood samples collected, and subsequent evaluation of birth outcomes for their offspring. The 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was detected and used as the dividing criterion to determine the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women. Serum metabolomics assay was performed by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap Exploris Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-OE-MS) platform. Differential metabolites as the potential iodine deficiency biomarkers were selected by multivariate statistical analysis methods. Association analysis was used to further analyze the relationship between the potential biomarkers and neonatal birth outcomes. As a result, there was no significant difference in maternal thyroid function indicators and neonatal outcomes between mild iodine deficiency and iodine adequate pregnant women. However, the metabolic profile of pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency was significantly disturbed compare to these with iodine adequate. A total of 28 different metabolites were screened, which could be used as the potential biomarkers of iodine deficiency. After adjusted age and pregnancy trimester, the expression of these biomarkers were also changed significantly. Furthermore, these markers were also related to fatty acid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In addition, among these markers, 2-(4-Methyl-5-thiazolyl)ethyl octanoate was found to be associated with neonatal TSH, ACar(12:0), (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid showed a correlation with body length; whereas (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid was linked to body weight. In conclusion, mild iodine deficiency during the first and second trimesters dose not result in overt adverse effects on pregnant women and their offspring. However, at the metabolic level, mild iodine deficiency may disrupt the metabolic profile of pregnant women and impact the development of their offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild-iodine-deficiency based on 24-hour urinary iodine excretion leads to significant metabolic changes in pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy

Fan,

Bu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Previous studies on healthy Swiss volunteers aged 4-60 years found that the UIC circadian rhythm of random urine samples increases from noon to midnight; therefore, collecting urine samples between 8:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. seems reasonable [28]. Some studies have pointed out that collecting the frst void is not recommended due to the difculty in collection [29]. Instead, fasting urine collection may impact the accuracy of the assessment of iodine nutritional status in morning urine samples [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Urinary Iodine Concentration and Urinary Iodine/Creatinine Ratio among Preschool Children

An,

Yang,

et al. 2023

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Variations in different urinary measurements for evaluating iodine status are concerning to clinicians and researchers. The present study aimed to analyze the interindividual and intraindividual variations in the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary iodine/creatinine (UI/Cr) ratio and evaluate their application in assessing the iodine nutrition of preschool children. Four repeated spot urine samples were collected from 163 children at different times within one day. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary creatinine concentration (UCr) were measured, and the UI/Cr ratio was calculated. The UIC ( P < 0.001) and urinary iodine/creatinine ratio ( P = 0.019) of multiple measurements were significantly different. The UIC of morning urine was highest (99.83 μg/L) and then gradually decreased with collection time ( P < 0.001). In contrast, the UI/Cr ratio of morning urine samples increased with collection time. By computing the mean intraindividual and interindividual coefficients of variance (CV), the intraindividual variation of the UI/Cr ratio (68%) was significantly lower than that of the UIC (86%). Nevertheless, the interindividual variation was lowest in the UIC (78.62%) of morning urine. In addition, the UIC and UI/Cr ratio showed moderate correlations (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), with kappa values of 0.42 in assessing iodine nutrition. The UIC of morning urine samples taken at 8:00–10:00 am was perhaps more stable and reliable in evaluating the iodine nutrition of preschool children at the population level. The UI/Cr ratio showed lower intraindividual variation and may be more suitable for assessing individual iodine nutrition.

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“…The Knudsen equation was used to estimate 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) among Chinese adults, which was the same as in Andersson ’s study in Switzerland 25 . Furthermore, our previous study showed that the Knudsen equation was the best to estimate the 24-h UIE among Chinese adults except in the morning 26 . The 24-h sodium excretion was calculated like iodine 25 , 27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

Chen,

Ye,

Lan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years after implementing the salt reduction program and compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese recommendations. Adults aged 18–59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in coastal urban area (CUA), non-coastal urban area (Non-CUA), coastal rural area (CRA), and non-coastal rural area (Non-CRA) of Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) and urinary sodium concentration (mUNaC) among adults (n = 3513) were 132.0 μg/L and 4.0 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and median daily iodine intake in CUA, Non-CUA, CRA and Non-CRA were 112.1, 127.5, 128.5, 167.5 μg/L and 189.6, 182.5, 199.4, 236.0 μg/d, respectively. The mUNaC and median daily salt intake (mDSI) in these four areas were 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9 g/L and 9.8, 10.4, 10.4, 10.6 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and DII of residents were higher in the Non-CRA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The UNaC and DSI of residents were lower in the CUA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in CUA and Non-CUA consumed less salt compared with those in Non-CRA. Except for Non-CUA, the DII was lower (< 150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low–salt intake group (< 5 g/d) compared with the high–salt intake group (≥ 5 g/d) (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO and Chinese recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.

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Is the urinary iodine/creatinine ratio applicable to assess short term individual iodine status in Chinese adults? Comparison of iodine estimates from 24-h urine and timed-spot urine samples in different periods of the day

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Mild-iodine-deficiency based on 24-hour urinary iodine excretion leads to significant metabolic changes in pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy

Mild-iodine-deficiency based on 24-hour urinary iodine excretion leads to significant metabolic changes in pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy

Variations in the Urinary Iodine Concentration and Urinary Iodine/Creatinine Ratio among Preschool Children

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

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