Is the Spatial Distribution of Brain Lesions Associated with Closed-Head Injury Predictive of Subsequent Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Analysis with Brain-Image Database

Herskovits, Edward H.; Megalooikonomou, Vasileios; Davatzikos, Christos; Chen, Anita; Bryan, R. Nick; Gerring, Joan P.

doi:10.1148/radiology.213.2.r99nv45389

Cited by 89 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The ACA distribution does not explain all of the VBM findings, but it raises the possibility that a diffuse problem (as evidenced by the diffuse white matter loss) was further compounded by tissue hemodynamics related to raised ICP in the anterior cranial fossa. This idea is consistent with the vulnerability of the basal forebrain (supplied by the ACA and anterior communicating artery) in moderate-to-severe head-injured adults (Salmond et al, 2005a) and children (Herskovits et al, 1999).…”

Section: Raised Icp Complicating Severe Tbi and Aca Hypoperfusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Working memory functions are key features of the PFC, and in particular, the dorsolateral PFC is considered to be responsible for the executive component of working memory, i.e., monitoring and allocating processing resources (Owen et al, 1996). In addition to other areas such as the ventrolateral PFC, cingulate gyri, and parietal cortex, the basal ganglia and the white matter tracts in the anterior part of the corpus callosum are also involved in the neural circuitry of working memory (Herskovits et al, 1999;Castellanos, 1997). Loss of white matter in these regions occurred in the ICP group.…”

Section: Raised Icp Complicating Severe Tbi and Aca Hypoperfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal Cerebral Vulnerability and Executive Deficits from Raised Intracranial Pressure in Child Traumatic Brain Injury

Slawik

Salmond

Taylor-Tavares

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotrauma

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In severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), a common focus of treatment is raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this investigation was to test whether raised ICP is associated with later prefrontal executive deficits and regional brain tissue loss, consistent with an anterior vascular compartment syndrome. Thirty-three participants were assigned to one of two severe TBI groups based on whether or not they had increased ICP complicating their critical illness. At follow-up (average 3.9 years), the participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of neuropsychological testing focused on prefrontal function. The ICP group had white matter loss that was diffuse as well as regional in the corpus callosum, periventricular tissue, and frontal region. Loss of gray matter in the ICP group was more regionally specific, with bilateral loss in the caudate nuclei and frontal regions, including the right dorsolateral region, right supplementary motor area, and the left orbitofrontal cortex. Both groups had normal intelligence quotients (IQs), but the ICP group showed long-term deficits on various measures of attention and executive function such as working memory, decision-making, and impulsivity. These findings suggest that raised ICP leads to diffuse brain injury and a predilection to hypoperfusion in, at least, the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery. Furthermore, since voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and measures of attention and executive function are sensitive to the phenomenon of raised ICP, we consider that these techniques warrant inclusion in trials assessing ICP-directed therapy.

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Section: Raised Icp Complicating Severe Tbi and Aca Hypoperfusionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Raised Icp Complicating Severe Tbi and Aca Hypoperfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Cerebral Vulnerability and Executive Deficits from Raised Intracranial Pressure in Child Traumatic Brain Injury

Slawik

Salmond

Taylor-Tavares

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed on a 1.5 Tesla General Electric scanner 3 months after injury to ascertain chronic lesions of diffuse axonal injury, hematoma, contusion, and infarct [Herskovits et al, 1999;Vasa et al, 2004]. A T1-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled-echo sequence (SPGR) was acquired because this sequence has high spatial resolution and T1-and T2 Ã -contrast sensitivity.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

New onset obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury

et al. 2008

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major source of psychiatric morbidity and disability. This study examines new onset of obsessions and compulsions (OCS) within 1 year of severe pediatric TBI. Eighty children and adolescents ages 6-18 years with severe TBI were interviewed by a child psychiatrist using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised to diagnose OCS and comorbidities. A brain magnetic resonance imaging used a 1.5 T scanner 3 months after injury with a T1-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled-echo sequence to provide high spatial resolution and T1- and T2(*)-contrast sensitivity. Race, sex, socioeconomic status, psychosocial adversity, and injury severity were used to predict new onset OCS. Psychiatric comorbidities and brain lesion volumes in orbitofrontal, mesial prefrontal, temporal lobe, basal ganglia, and thalamus were examined in relation to new onset OCS. Twenty-one children (21/72, 29.2%) had OCS after TBI. Most common were worries about disease, cleanliness, and inappropriate actions as well as excessive cleaning, doing things a certain way and ordering. Anxiety disorders, mania, dysthymia, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with new onset OCS. Injury severity was not associated with new onset OCS. Greater psychosocial adversity (P=0.009), and being female (P=0.005) were associated with OCS while mesial prefrontal and temporal lobe lesions were associated with new onset obsessions (P<0.05). OCS are common after severe pediatric TBI and are associated with greater comorbidities. New onset obsessions are associated with female sex, psychosocial adversity, and mesial prefrontal and temporal lesions.

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“…In addition, ADHD symptoms are seen after childhood stroke, particularly with lesions in the basal ganglia, especially the putamen (Max et al, 2002), and orbitofrontal and mesial prefrontal cortices (Max et al, 2005a), and traumatic brain injury affecting basal ganglia and orbitofrontal regions (Gerring et al, 2000;Herskovits et al, 1999;Max et al, 2005b). Pheno-copies can also result from epilepsy (Schubert, 2005), and various other neurological insults such as meningitis and autoimmune disorders (Peterson et al, 2000;Wait et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structural MRI study in monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for attention/hyperactivity problems: Evidence for genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the developing brain

et al. 2007

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Several structural brain abnormalities have been reported in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the etiology of these brain changes is still unclear. To investigate genetic and environmental influences on ADHD related neurobiological changes, we performed Voxel-Based Morphometry on MRI scans from monozygotic (MZ) twins selected from a large longitudinal population database to be highly concordant or highly discordant for ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problem scale (CBCL-AP). Children scoring low on the CBCL-AP are at low risk for ADHD, whereas children scoring high on this scale are at high-risk for ADHD. Brain differences between concordant high-risk twin pairs and concordant low-risk twin pairs likely reflect the genetic risk for ADHD; brain differences between the low-risk and high-risk twins from discordant MZ twin pairs reflect the environmental risk for ADHD. A major difference between comparisons of high and low-risk twins from concordant pairs and high/low twins from discordant pairs was found for the prefrontal lobes. The concordant high-risk pairs showed volume loss in orbitofrontal subdivisions. High-risk members from the discordant twin pairs exhibited volume reduction in the right inferior dorsolateral prefontal cortex. In addition, the posterior corpus callosum was compromised in concordant high-risk pairs, only. Our findings indicate that inattention and hyperactivity symptoms are associated with anatomical abnormalities of a distributed actionattentional network. Different brain areas of this network appear to be affected in inattention/hyperactivity caused by genetic (i.e., high concordant MZ pairs) vs. environmental (i.e., high-low discordant MZ pairs) risk factors. These results provide clues that further our understanding of brain alterations in ADHD.

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Is the Spatial Distribution of Brain Lesions Associated with Closed-Head Injury Predictive of Subsequent Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Analysis with Brain-Image Database

Abstract: Closed-head injury-induced lesions in the right putamen in children are associated with subsequent development of secondary ADHD. Depiction software is useful in guiding statistical analysis of image data.

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Frontal Cerebral Vulnerability and Executive Deficits from Raised Intracranial Pressure in Child Traumatic Brain Injury

Frontal Cerebral Vulnerability and Executive Deficits from Raised Intracranial Pressure in Child Traumatic Brain Injury

New onset obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury

A structural MRI study in monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for attention/hyperactivity problems: Evidence for genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the developing brain

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