Is the primary helper always a key group for the dynamics of cooperative birds? A mathematical study on cooperative breeding birds

Predicting the probability of avian reproductive success and its components at a nesting site

“…One explanation for such environmental adversity may be associated with the social structure of immigrating birds. Ghosh, Al Basir, Chowdhury, Bhattacharya, & Ray (2021) showed that too many immigrating helpers can decrease prey abundance than immigrating breeders. So these sites might have experienced so high helper immigration that the biotic resource became scarce for breeders to mate and continue reproduction in those sites.…”

“…Overall, these four components depend on the environment of the nesting site and the social structure of the bird population (Heg & van der Velde, 2001;Stacey, Koenig, & others, 1990;Ghosh, Al Basir, Chowdhury, Bhattacharya, & Ray, 2021;Rebar, Barbosa, & Greenfield, 2019). These four components show different degrees of dependence on the determining factors (Hall, 2004;Malueg, Walters, & Moore, 2009;Arroyo, 2002).…”

“…Any information on the decline in the success of a specific component of a site may help conservation biologists to prevent the loss in reproductive success and subsequent risk of species extinction. Since monitoring reproductive success by surveying the entire breeding zone is costly and labor-intensive, predicting the overall reproductive success and its components based on environmental and social determinants is an easy alternative for the extinction risk assessment (Higginson, 2017;Lewis, 1981;Ghosh, Al Basir, Chowdhury, Bhattacharya, & Ray, 2021). Such a prediction is possible through a modeling framework and some prior knowledge.…”

“…Mathematical or dynamic models can predict reproductive success over time for a particular site (Aresu, Pennino, De Rosa, Rotta, & Berlinguer, 2021;Ghosh, Al Basir, Chowdhury, Bhattacharya, & Ray, 2021), and statistical models such as regression and machine learning can predict the success for the various site at a particular time using environmental and social factors (Gokcekus, et al, 2021;Elith, Hastie, Dudik, Chee, & Yates, 2011). Note that different environmental and social factors, the determinants of reproductive success, vary over different nesting sites (Rebar, Barbosa, & Greenfield, 2019;Stacey, Koenig, & others, 1990;Aresu, Pennino, De Rosa, Rotta, & Berlinguer, 2021;Aviles, Stokke, Moksnes, Roskaft, & Moller, 2007).…”

Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamic Model of Bali Starling (Leucopsar Rothschildi) Breeding in West Bali National Park

“…Data analysis refers to information and facts gathered from the agency based on structured interviews with trafficked persons informants as well as existing literature. The research method employed in this study utilizes mathematical modeling to investigate crucial interventions in the context of bird breeding and disease-related mortality (Khan et al, 2011) (Moudrý et al, 2017, (Abrahams & Geary, 2020), (S. Ghosh et al, 2021). Various mathematical analyses within the field of bird breeding have been conducted, with a focus on management strategies, host treatment control, and minimizing host-vector interactions while considering cost-effectiveness.…”