6Infestation of Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes great losses in 3 7 rice productivity. Infestation in Puitá INTA-CL cultivar reduced the number of 3 8 seeds/plant, percentage of full seeds, 1,000 seeds weight, and seed length, whereas 3 9 infestation in IRGA423 increased 1,000 seeds weight and seed length. Reduction in 4 0 seed weight/plant caused by infestation was higher in Puitá INTA-CL than IRGA423. 4 1 Thus, Puitá INTA-CL was established as susceptible, and IRGA423 as tolerant to S. 4 2 oryzae infestation. Photosynthetic parameters were less affected by infestation in 4 3 IRGA423 than in Puitá INTA-CL. Infestation also caused accumulation of H 2 O 2 , 4 4 decreased cell membrane integrity and accelerated senescence in leaves of Puitá INTA-4 5 CL, while leaves of IRGA423 presented higher levels of phenolics compounds. Using 4 6 proteomic analysis, we identified proteins related to plant defense, such as jasmonate 4 7 synthesis, and related to other mechanisms of tolerance such as oxidative stress, 4 8 photosynthesis, and DNA structure maintenance, more abundant in IRGA423 after 4 9 7 1damage caused by arthropod pests can exceed 15% annually (Mitchell et al., 2016). In 7 2 order to quantify the pest resistance of the cultivars, the best tool does not seem to be 7 3 the increase of the arthropod population, but the measurement of the damages caused to 7 4 the plants, since the reduction of the leaf damage is followed by an increase in yield and 7 5 quality of the grain, and these are the ultimate objectives of most crop breeding 7 6 programs (Smith, 2005). Thus, the plant resistance/tolerance to arthropods is the sum of 7 7 genetically inherited traits that result in an adapted species that suffers less damage 7 8 compared to susceptible ones. These resistance/tolerance qualities should be measured 7 9 on a relative scale by comparing levels of damage and productivity with susceptible 8 0