Is the Non-Coding RNA miR-195 a Biodynamic Marker in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Prognostic Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose histological derivation comes from the mucous membranes lining the epithelium: the oral cavity, the larynx, the hypopharynx, the nasopharynx, and the oropharynx. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms involving tumor genesis including the alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and death may involve alterations in the expression of microRNA (miR). To date there have been no systematic reviews with meta-analysis conducted specifically on the role of miR-195 in HNSCC; therefore, our hypothesis was to evaluate if the aberrant expression of miR-195 in HNSCC tissues may represent a prognostic biomarker of survival through the hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) analysis. The systematic review was designed according to the PRISMA indications; in total, three electronic databases were consulted (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Trial) including Google Scholar and the gray literature, and a combination of keywords was used such as miR-195 AND HNSCC, microRNA AND HNSCC and miR-195. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.41 software and TSA software (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). This search identified 1592 articles and, at the end of the selection process, three articles were included. The results of the meta-analysis reported an aggregated risk ratio for overall survival (OS) between the expression of miR-195 at the highest and lowest of 0.36 and 6, respectively, 95% CI: [0.25, 0.51]. Heterogeneity was evaluated through Chi2 = 0.05 df = 2 (p = 0.98) and the Higgins index I2 = 0%. The test for the overall effect was Z = 5.77 (p < 0.00001). The forest plot was in favor of higher OS in patients with high miR-195 expression.

The Potential microRNA Prognostic Signature in HNSCCs: A Systematic Review

“…In light of the data reported in the medical literature, and from the preliminary research conducted in the field [6][7][8][9]13,14,119], we carried out our review after registering it on Prospero, which was written following the indications of PRISMA. A meta-analysis of the data was not carried out due to the excessive heterogeneity of data and histological subtypes of HNSCCs, and thus a TCGA analysis was instead used to test possible microRNA biosignatures that emerged from the data extraction and qualitative analysis of the studies.…”

“…The systematic reviews included were the following: Dioguardi et al, 2023 [9]; Dioguardi et al, 2022 [13]; Dioguardi et al, 2022 [14]; Dioguardi et al, 2022 [8]; Dioguardi et. al, 2022 [6]; Dioguardi et al, 2022 [7]; Irimie-Aghiorghiese et al, 2019 [15]; Lubov et al, 2017 [16]; Xie and Wu, 2017 [17]; Wang et al, 2019 [18]; Li et al, 2019 [19]; Qiu et al, 2021 [20]; Huang et al, 2021 [21]; Jamali et al, 2015 [22]; and Troiano et al, 2018 [23].…”

“…The latter group is a class of mature, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs with 21-23 nucleotides, which were proposed as promising biomarkers for patients with cancer diagnosis and follow-up [3,5]. Some previous systematic literature reviews have tried to identify individual miRs, aggregating the prognostic survival data of multiple studies, obtaining promising results only in some cases for HNSCCs, such as in the cases of miR-31 [6], miR-21 [7], miR-155 [8], and miR-195 [9].…”

miR-125b-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-214-5p and Target E2F2 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Some studies examine the role of miRNA in various cancers, such as pancreatic [ 18 ], colon [ 19 ], prostate [ 20 , 21 ], renal [ 22 ], bladder [ 23 ], breast [ 24 ], cervical [ 25 ], ovarian [ 26 ], lung [ 27 ], and HNSCC [ 28 ]. To date, analyses of the role of miRNAs in HNSCC pathogenesis are focused generally on studies of miRNAs, such as miR-375, miR-1234, miR-103, miR-638, miR-200b-3p, miR-191-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-572, miR-483-5p, miR-20a, miR-22, miR-29a, miR-29b, mir-let-7c, miR-17, miR-374b-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-122, miR-134, miR-184, miR 191, miR-412, miR-512, miR-8392, miR-21, miR-31, miR-155, miR-196a, miR-196b, miR-9, miR-29c, miR-223, miR-187, Let-7a, miR- 27, miR-34, miR-92, miR-124, miR-125a, miR-136, miR-139, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-200, miR-195, and miR-205 [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

MicroRNA-Based Markers of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systems Biology Approach

“…Additionally, the miR-196 family [ 20 ] and miR-155 [ 21 ] have been identified as potential predictive indicators of survival for HNSCC. Besides, Dioguardi et al [ 22 ] showed the underexpression of miR-195 in patients with HNSCC and its excellent potential as an independent prognostic survival marker for HNSCC.…”