Is the gut microbiome key to modulating vaccine efficacy?

Nakaya, Hidehiko; Bruna-Romero, Oscar

doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1040395

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, the route of vaccine administration may also be a critical confounding variable. 43 Finally, the vaccinee's preexisting immunity, 44 microbiota, 45 and existing chronic inflammatory conditions or infections 46 may directly impact vaccine immunogenicity. These data can all serve as part of the input to the model, in addition to the omics and biological data.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for predicting vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity

Gonzalez-Dias

Lee

Sorgi

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Subjects receiving the same vaccine often show different levels of immune responses and some may even present adverse side effects to the vaccine. Systems vaccinology can combine omics data and machine learning techniques to obtain highly predictive signatures of vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity. Currently, several machine learning methods are already available to researchers with no background in bioinformatics. Here we described the four main steps to discover markers of vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity: (1) Preparing the data; (2) Selecting the vaccinees and relevant genes; (3) Choosing the algorithm; (4) Blind testing your model. With the increasing number of Systems Vaccinology datasets being generated, we expect that the accuracy and robustness of signatures of vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity will significantly improve.

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Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for predicting vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity

Gonzalez-Dias

Lee

Sorgi

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…However, MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479 are conserved not only among pathogenic ETEC strains, but also among the commensal Proteobacteria . This may be an important issue because it is known that alteration of commensals can influence susceptibility to gastrointestinal disease [ 11 ] and vaccine efficacy [ 12 ]. Several previous studies have begun to address this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinating with conserved Escherichia coli antigens does not alter the mouse intestinal microbiome

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrheal disease. Antigenic and structural heterogeneity among ETEC colonization factors has complicated vaccine development efforts. Identifying and characterizing conserved ETEC antigens that induce protective immunity is therefore of interest. We previously characterized three proteins (MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479) that protected mice in an intranasal ETEC challenge model after vaccination. However, these proteins are conserved not only in multiple ETEC isolates, but also in commensal bacteria. While the impact of inactivated viral vaccines and live-attenuated bacterial vaccines on the host microbiota have been examined, the potential impact of using subunit vaccines consisting of antigens that are also encoded by commensal organisms has not been investigated.FindingsWe addressed this issue by characterizing changes to mouse intestinal microbiomes as a function of vaccination. We failed to observe significant changes to mouse health, to mouse weight gain as a function of time, or to the diversity or richness of mouse intestinal microbiomes, as measured by analyzing alpha- and beta-diversity, as well as overall community structure, before and after vaccination.ConclusionsWe conclude that despite the conservation of MipA, Skp, and ETEC_2479 among Gram-negative bacteria, vaccination with these antigens fails to alter significantly the host intestinal microbiome.

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“…A number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain the differences in efficacy and vaccineelicited immunity between HIC and LMIC. The hypotheses include (i) maternal factors (such as interference from transplacental antibodies and antibody and nonantibody breast milk components [13,[19][20][21][22][23]), (ii) coadministration with the oral polio vaccine (24-27), (iii) concurrent infection with other enteric pathogens (28), (iv) micronutrient or protein-energy malnutrition (29-31), (v) effects of environmental enteropathy or dysbiosis of the gut microbiome (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), and (vi) host genetic factors (histo-blood group antigens [38,39]). A better understanding of these factors which decrease the efficacy of RV in LMIC may help to inform interventions to improve efficacy and to further reduce the number of child deaths due to rotavirus disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Maternal Immunity to Decreased Rotavirus Vaccine Performance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Mwila

Chilengi

Simuyandi

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The role of maternal immunity, received by infants either transplacentally or orally from breast milk, in rotavirus vaccine (RV) performance is evaluated here. Breastfeeding withholding has no effect on vaccine responses, but higher levels of transplacental rotavirus-specific IgG antibody contribute to reduced vaccine seroconversion. The gaps in knowledge on the factors associated with low RV efficacy in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) remain, and further research is needed to shed more light on these issues. KEYWORDS immunization, low-and middle-income countries, maternal, rotavirus D espite the progress seen with the global introduction of rotavirus vaccines (RV), diarrhea is still a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years, and a substantial proportion of disease cases are still attributable to rotavirus infection. The latest estimates show that approximately 215,000 children die each year from rotavirusassociated diarrhea, and approximately 56% of these deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the introduction of oral RV into national immunization programs (2), and many countries have heeded this call. As of September 2016, the WHO lists 86 countries as having included RV in their national immunization programs, and 6 more are in the course of doing so in 2016 (www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/VaccineIntroStatus.pptx). Approximately 50% of the countries in Africa and Asia, over 80% of those in North America, South America, and Australia, and approximately 40% of those in Europe have introduced RV. Following RV introduction, there was a notable reduction in the number of deaths due to diarrhea (1). However, there is consistent evidence from clinical trials that RV have lower efficacies in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC): vaccine efficacies are 80 to 90% in high-income countries (HIC) and 40 to 60% in LMIC (3-8). Indeed, there is growing evidence from vaccine effectiveness studies emerging from the field that in real-life use, vaccine effectiveness is also consistently lower in LMIC (9-12).In addition to the differences in observed vaccine efficacy and effectiveness, there are also marked differences in vaccine-elicited immunity as reported by various vaccine-elicited antibody titers following rotavirus immunization (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). A number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain the differences in efficacy and vaccineelicited immunity between HIC and LMIC. The hypotheses include (i) maternal factors (such as interference from transplacental antibodies and antibody and nonantibody breast milk components [13,[19][20][21][22][23] [38,39]). A better understanding of these factors which decrease the efficacy of RV in LMIC may help to inform interventions to improve efficacy and to further reduce the number of child deaths due to rotavirus disease. This review examines the correlations between maternal immune factors and RV responses and their potential effect on vaccine efficacy. NATURAL ROTAVIRUS...

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Is the gut microbiome key to modulating vaccine efficacy?

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Methods for predicting vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity

Methods for predicting vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity

Vaccinating with conserved Escherichia coli antigens does not alter the mouse intestinal microbiome

Contribution of Maternal Immunity to Decreased Rotavirus Vaccine Performance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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