Is the Expansion of Women’s Access to Political Leadership Rewarded? Evidence from the Allocation of US Foreign Aid

The Missing Fingerprints: U.S. Women Legislators and International Development Aid

“…The common thread is that greater legislative representation for women is associated with a more humanitarian and peaceful foreign policy. Prominently, many studies report fairly consistent, positive associations between women’s seats shares in national legislatures and aid expenditures (Breuning 2001; Fuchs and Richert 2018; Hicks, Hicks, and Maldonado 2016; Lu and Breuning 2014; Okundaye and Breuning 2021; Yoon and Moon 2019; but see Fuchs, Dreher, and Nunnenkamp 2014; Lundsgaarde, Breunig, and Prakash 2007). 5 A similar association is found with higher aid quality, an important dimension of foreign aid that assesses how well a given amount of aid is targeted to serve those most in need (Heinrich and Kobayashi 2022; Hicks, Hicks, and Maldonado 2016).…”

Methods of Foreign Policy Analysis

“…There have also been new handbooks focusing on the foreign policies of single countries, like Austria, Japan, and Russia, among others (McCarthy 2018;Tsygankov 2018;Senn, Eder, and Kornprobst 2022). Moreover, there have been recent initiatives to foster connections between FPA and other strands of research, including bridges toward ethnography (Hopf 2002;Neumann 2002Neumann , 2011Kuus 2013Kuus , 2014MacKay and Levin 2015;Cornut 2018), feminist theory (Hudson et al 2008;Aggestam and True 2020;Okundaye and Breuning 2021), public policy (Oppermann and Spencer 2016;Brummer et al 2019;Haar and Pierce 2021) and history (Brummer and Kießling 2019), as much as there has been new work on enduring topics such as foreign policy change (da Vinha 2017;Chryssogelos 2021;Joly and Haesebrouck 2021).…”