Is the association of continuous metabolic syndrome risk score with body mass index independent of physical activity? The CASPIAN-III study

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAlthough the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents.SUBJECTS/METHODSData on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles.RESULTSOverall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.

Associations between Sugar Intake from Different Food Sources and Adiposity or Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Childhood and Adolescence: The Korean Child–Adolescent Cohort Study

“…This cluster of risk factors is a better predictor of cardiovascular health than is any of the components individually [ 11 , 12 ]. Since the prevalence of MetS is lower in children and adolescents than in adults, many epidemiologic studies have used a continuous value of the MetS risk score (cMetS) instead of a binary distinction between MetS and potential risk factors [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The cMetS is more sensitive and less error-prone than a dichotomous approach [ 16 ].…”

“…The cMetS is more sensitive and less error-prone than a dichotomous approach [ 16 ]. Cardio-metabolic risk is a progressive function of other risk factors such as MetS components [ 15 ], and so this study used a continuous assessment to detect changes in cardio-metabolic risk.…”

Association of obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome: A retrospective study

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study showing that unfavorable body composition parameters (obesity, visceral adiposity, and sarcopenia) additively increase the risk for MS. Previous studies have shown that visceral adiposity [ 7 – 11 ], sarcopenia [ 30 – 32 ], and obesity [ 20 – 23 ] were associated with an increased risk for MS. However, most of these studies analyzed the association of only a single body composition parameter with MS; studies analyzing the association between multiple body composition parameters and MS have been rare [ 43 , 45 ].…”

Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome Using Genetically Optimised Bayesian ARTMAP

“…The z-score was the earliest statistical technique used to generate a cMetS score by Batey et al [34] in 1997. The cMetS is computed using the z-score by taking the difference between the sample mean of each attribute and each sample value in the population, and dividing the result by the standard deviation of each attribute in the population [35], [36], [38], [43], [45]. The PCA operates by decreasing the dimensionality of the attributes of a dataset in order to make data more interpretable while preserving the relevant information [47].…”