Is term newborn body composition being achieved postnatally in preterm infants?

Roggero, Paola; Giannì, Maria Lorella; Amato, Orsola; Orsi, Anna; Piemontese, Pasqua; Morlacchi, Laura; Mosca, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.011

Cited by 107 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our study provides support for previous research indicating that preterm infants near or at term-corrected age have a higher percent body fat than infants born term (5)(6)(7)(8). Furthermore, our findings indicate that anthropometry, skinfolds, and ADP are efficient to detect significant differences in body composition between preterm and term infants at hospital discharge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Some studies suggest that the catch-up growth is necessary for preterm infant brain development but may have deleterious consequences for metabolic and cardiovascular health (3). The American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends that a preterm infant's body composition mimic intrauterine body composition until term age (5). However, current research demonstrate that preterm infants at term-corrected age have higher total body and/or abdominal fat compared with term infants, suggesting that adequate catch-up growth is not achieved postnatally (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends that a preterm infant's body composition mimic intrauterine body composition until term age (5). However, current research demonstrate that preterm infants at term-corrected age have higher total body and/or abdominal fat compared with term infants, suggesting that adequate catch-up growth is not achieved postnatally (5)(6)(7)(8). Precise determination of body composition in premature infants may aid health professionals in selecting appropriate interventions to ensure proper postnatal growth and development.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mid-arm circumference is a reliable method to estimate adiposity in preterm and term infants

et al. 2015

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Background: Premature birth is associated with increased adipose deposition after birth. Standard anthropometry (body weight, length, and head circumference) may not adequately assess fat deposition. Validated methods to assess adiposity are needed to optimize growth quality in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to identify covariates of infant body fat. Methods: Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), standard anthropometry, and body circumferences were measured at hospital discharge in preterm (n = 28; 31-35 wk postmenstrual age (PMA)) and term (n = 28; 38-41 wks PMA) infants. results: Body weight, length, and head circumference were lower for preterm infants (P < 0.05) at hospital discharge compared with that of term infants. Despite smaller body size and younger PMA, preterm infant percent body fat (%BF) by ADP was 12.33 ± 4.15% vs. 9.64 ± 4.01% in term infants (P = 0.01). Mid-arm circumference (MAC) is a covariate of %BF in both preterm and term infants (adjusted R 2 = 0.49; P < 0.001). In preterm infants alone, MAC accounted for 60.4% of the variability of percent body fat (%BF) by ADP (P < 0.01). conclusions: Preterm infants have increased body fat deposition as they approach term-corrected age, and MAC is a reliable, low-cost measure for monitoring infant body fat deposition in preterm and term infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Mid-arm circumference is a reliable method to estimate adiposity in preterm and term infants

et al. 2015

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“…These findings are consistent with previous results reported by other authors with regard to extremely preterm infants. It has been found that extremely preterm infants, including those born small for gestational age, show a major deposition of fat mass in early postnatal life so that they show an increased adiposity at term-corrected age (7,14). However, within the first 3-4 mo of corrected age, extremely preterm infants succeed in achieving fat mass values similar to those of full-term infants (9,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, extremely preterm infants, assessed at term-corrected age, have been found to be at increased risk for developing increased and/or aberrant adiposity, which is a known risk marker for cardiovascular disease (7,8). However, it has been reported that preterm infants born appropriate for gestational age succeed in recovering growth and fat mass within the third month of corrected age (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Postnatal catch-up fat after late preterm birth

et al. 2012

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Background: Late preterm birth accounts for 70% of preterm births. The aim of the study was to investigate the postnatal weight gain and weight gain composition changes in a cohort of late preterm infants. Methods: a total of 49 late preterm infants (mean birth weight 2,496 ± 330 g and gestational age 35.2 ± 0.7 wks) underwent growth and body composition assessment by an air displacement plethysmography system on the fifth day of life, at term, and at 1 and 3 mo of corrected age. The reference group was composed of 40 healthy, full-term, breast-fed infants. results: The late preterm infants showed a Δ fat mass gain between birth and term-corrected age equal to 182%. as compared with full-term infants, at term and 1 mo of corrected age mean weight (3,396 ± 390 vs. 3,074 ± 409 g and 4,521 ± 398 vs. 4,235 ± 673 g, respectively) and percentage of fat mass (16.1 ± 4.6 vs. 8.9 ± 2.9 and 22.6 ± 4.2 vs. 17.4 ± 4.0, respectively) were significantly higher in late preterm infants, whereas no difference among groups was found at 3 mo. conclusion: Rapid postnatal catch-up fat was found in these infants. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this short-term increase in fat mass may modulate the risk of chronic diseases or represent an adaptive mechanism to extrauterine life.

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Body composition of children with different gestation time

Kryst

Żegleń²,

Woronkowicz

et al. 2021

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: To examine the differences in body composition between prepubescent children, depending on the time of gestation. Methods:The study was conducted among children aged 3-10 years. The thickness of 5 (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, calf) skinfolds, mid-upper arm circumference, body height, weight and femur breadth was measured. Sum of 3 skinfolds, Body Mass Index (BMI) and muscle mass were calculated. Gestation time was obtained using a questionnaire.Results: Children in the short gestation time category were generally characterized by the greatest values of the analyzed characteristics, particularly above the ages of 6-8 years. Femur breadth and muscle mass were similar up to the mentioned age in all of the gestation time categories. BMI and all of the adiposity characteristics, below the age of 6 years, were the greatest in the long gestation time category. Conclusions: Results of the present study are important, as excess body mass and adiposity are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities later in life. Special emphasis should be placed on the prevention of overweight and obesity among premature babies and the education of their parents.

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Is term newborn body composition being achieved postnatally in preterm infants?

Cited by 107 publications

References 33 publications

Mid-arm circumference is a reliable method to estimate adiposity in preterm and term infants

Mid-arm circumference is a reliable method to estimate adiposity in preterm and term infants

Postnatal catch-up fat after late preterm birth

Body composition of children with different gestation time

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