Is temporary employment a cause or consequence of poor mental health? A panel data analysis

Dawson, Chris; Veliziotis, Michail; Pacheco, Gail; Webber, Don J.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.001

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There have been some prospective studies in Europe 21) . An almost 17-year follow-up panel study found that even permanent workers with mental illness tended to fall into temporary employment status 30) . In contrary to this causal direction, a recent study from Finnish followed up one hundred thousand public sector workers and found that temporary employment status is a risk factor for mental illness and work disability 31) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does long‐term experience of nonstandard employment increase the incidence of depression in the elderly?

Kang

Lee

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives: Our prospective study aimed to elucidate the effect of long-term experience of nonstandard employment status on the incidence of depression in elderly population using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) study. Methods: This study used the first- to fourth-wave cohorts of KLoSA. After the exclusion of the unemployed and participants who experienced a change in employment status during the follow-up periods, we analyzed a total of 1,817 participants. Employment contracts were assessed by self-reported questions:standard or nonstandard employment. The short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) served as the outcome measure. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between standard/nonstandard employees and development of depression. Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.90 (±7.21) years. We observed that nonstandard employment significantly increased the risk of depression. Compared with standard employees, nonstandard employees had a 1.5-fold elevated risk for depression after adjusting for age, gender, CES-D score at baseline, household income, occupation category, current marital status, number of living siblings, perceived health status, and chronic diseases [HR=1.461, 95% CI= (1.184, 1.805) ]. Moreover, regardless of other individual characteristics, the elevated risk of depression was observed among all kinds of nonstandard workers, such as temporary and day workers, full-time and part-time workers, and directly employed and dispatched labor. Conclusions: The 6-year follow-up study revealed that long-term experience of nonstandard employment status increased the risk of depression in elderly population in Korea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does long‐term experience of nonstandard employment increase the incidence of depression in the elderly?

Kang

Lee

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Very few studies account for the bilateral relationship between mental health and labor market outcomes. Those that do have focused narrowly on a single labor market outcome (Hamilton et al 1997;Olsen et al 2013;Dawson et al 2015) or analyzed only men (Steele et al 2013). Yet differences in estimation methods, samples, and institutional contexts make it virtually impossible to compare results across studies and leave us with a limited understanding of the bilateral relationship between mental health and employment status overall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related research also sheds light on the relationship between depression and other employment experiences. Andreeva et al (2015), for example, uses data from a large organization in Sweden to assess whether there is a reciprocal relationship between exposure to downsizing and depressive symptoms, while Dawson et al (2015) use a baseline approach to estimate the associations between psychological distress and transitions between temporary and permanent employment. Only two studies attempt to provide causal estimates.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Bilateral Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Employment Status

2017

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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYMental health and employment outcomes are inherently intertwined. People with poor mental health have lower levels of economic activity, lower earnings, and less stable employment. On the other hand, employment difficulties can undermine mental health; many who struggle to find meaningful work or who lose their jobs will experience poorer mental well-being as a result. But are mental health issues a cause or consequence of poor labor market outcomes?Using nationally representative data, we estimate how transitions into and out of depressive episodes affect subsequent employment outcomes, including participation, employment and unemployment. Further, we address the potential for the reverse relationship to exist by estimating how changes in employment status affect the chances of developing severe depressive symptoms. We aim to shed light on the interplay between depression and the labor market, which is particularly important because the appropriate policy responses depend on whether depressive issues are a consequence or a determinant of poor labor market outcomes.We find that severe depressive symptoms lead to economic inactivity by reducing labor force participation and employment, and increasing the likelihood of unemployment. We also find that severe depressive symptoms are partially a consequence of economic inactivity. Interestingly, our results show larger effects for men than women, indicating that men's mental health is more closely tied to their employment outcomes than is women's. Further, men seem to be more responsive to the shock of a bad event --either the onset of a depressive episode or the onset of unemployment. In contrast, women appear to be more affected by prolonged depressive symptoms.The results imply that reducing the economic costs of mental illness is a challenge that is best tackled from both sides: improving mental health by promoting economic activity, minimizing employment disruptions and shortening unemployment spells, and reducing the barriers to employment and providing positive work environments for those with mental health issues. The results also call for a gendered approach to these policies. ABOUT THE AUTHORS AbstractThis paper analyzes the bilateral relationship between depressive symptoms and employment status. We find that severe depressive symptoms are partially a consequence of economic inactivity. The incidence of depressive symptoms is higher if individuals have been out of a job for an extended period. Men's mental health falls as they exit the labor force, while women's worsens only after they have been out of the labor force for a period of time.Entering unemployment is also associated with a substantial deterioration in mental health, particularly for men. We also find that severe depressive symptoms, in turn, lead to economic inactivity. Individuals are less likely to be labor force participants or employed if they experience severe depressive symptoms. Men's probability of being unemployed rises dramatically with the onset of depressive ...

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“…Work could play in enhancing mental well-being [26]. Permanent employees in future temporary employment had poorer mental health than stable employees [27]. Socioeconomic disparities existed for older adults, and poor oral health diminished quality of life [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health among migrants in urban China: a multiple indicators multiple causes model

Guan

2017

Int J Ment Health Syst

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ObjectivesSince 1978, rural–urban migrants mainly contribute Chinese urbanization. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health of them. Their mental health was measured by 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12).MethodsThe study sample comprised 5925 migrants obtained from the 2009 rural-to-urban migrants survey (RUMiC). The relationships among the instruments were assessed by the correlation analysis. The one-factor (overall items), two-factor (positive vs. negative items), and model conducted by principal component analysis were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). On the basis of three CFA models, the three multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models with age, gender, marriage, ethnicity, and employment were constructed to investigate the concurrent associations between socioeconomic factors and GHQ-12.ResultsOf the sample, only 1.94% were of ethnic origin and mean age was 31.63 (SD = ±10.43) years. The one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor structure (i.e. semi-positive/negative/independent usefulness) had good model fits in the CFA analysis and gave order (i.e. 2 factor>3 factor>1 factor), which suggests that the three models can be used to assess psychological symptoms of migrants in urban China. All MIMIC models had acceptable fit and gave order (i.e. one-dimensional model>two-dimensional model>three-dimensional model).ConclusionsThere were weak associations of socioeconomic factors with mental health among migrants in urban China. Policy discussion suggested that improvement of socioeconomic status of rural–urban migrants and mental health systems in urban China should be highlighted and strengthened.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0118-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Is temporary employment a cause or consequence of poor mental health? A panel data analysis

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Does long‐term experience of nonstandard employment increase the incidence of depression in the elderly?

Does long‐term experience of nonstandard employment increase the incidence of depression in the elderly?

The Bilateral Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Employment Status

Measuring the effects of socioeconomic factors on mental health among migrants in urban China: a multiple indicators multiple causes model

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