Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment

Brussevich, Mariya; Dabla‐Norris, Era; Khalid, Salma

doi:10.5089/9781498303743.001

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Its higher values indicate that a worker engages in more routine activities and is thus at a higher risk of substitution with machines. Brussevich et al (2019) find that the RTI index, on average, is 13 percent higher for female workers across the sample of 30 countries. They find that female workers perform fewer tasks requiring analytical and interpersonal skills or physical labor, and more tasks that are characterized by lack of job flexibility, little learning on the job, and greater repetitiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The impact of automation is likely to be di↵erent for men and women because women and men perform di↵erent job tasks and are di↵erentially represented in the occupational hierarchy in most industries. Brussevich et al (2019) construct a gender-specific routine task intensity (RTI) index, which quantifies the extent of codifiability of tasks performed on the job. Its higher values indicate that a worker engages in more routine activities and is thus at a higher risk of substitution with machines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few papers have explored the gendered labor market impact of recent waves of automation. Brussevich et al (2019) relate data on task composition at work to occupation-level estimates of the probability of automation and find that female workers are at a significantly higher risk for displacement by automation than male workers, albeit with significant cross-country heterogeneity. They also show that the probability of automation is lower for younger cohorts of women, and those in managerial positions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robots and the gender pay gap in Europe

Aksoy

Özcan

Philipp

2021

European Economic Review

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Could robotization make the gender pay gap worse? We provide the first largescale evidence on the impact of industrial robots on the gender pay gap using data from 20 European countries. We show that robot adoption increases both male and female earnings but also increases the gender pay gap. Using an instrumental variable strategy, we find that a ten percent increase in robotization leads to a 1.8 percent increase in the gender pay gap. These results are mainly driven by countries with high levels of gender inequality and outsourcing destination countries. We then explore the mechanisms behind this e↵ect and find that our results can be explained by the fact that men at medium-and high-skill occupations disproportionately benefit from robotization (through a productivity e↵ect). We rule out the possibility that our results are driven by mechanical changes in the gender composition of the workforce nor by inflows or outflows from the manufacturing sector.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robots and the gender pay gap in Europe

Aksoy

Özcan

Philipp

2021

European Economic Review

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“…These lower-skill jobs do not provide the same income status that middle-income jobs used to provide and have a higher likelihood of becoming automated in the future [16]. Female workers may also bear the brunt of technological displacement, worsening the gender gap [17,18]. As middle-income jobs hollow out, the majority of workers find themselves searching for employment in the service sector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Basic Income and Inclusive Capitalism: Consequences for Sustainability

et al. 2019

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Over the past forty years, income growth for the middle and lower classes has stagnated, while the economy (and with it, economic inequality) has grown significantly. Early automation, the decline of labor unions, changes in corporate taxation, the financialization and globalization of the economy, deindustrialization in the U.S. and many OECD countries, and trade have contributed to these trends. However, the transformative roles of more recent automation and digital technologies/artificial intelligence (AI) are now considered by many as additional and potentially more potent forces undermining the ability of workers to maintain their foothold in the economy. These drivers of change are intensifying the extent to which advancing technology imbedded in increasingly productive real capital is driving productivity. To compound the problem, many solutions presented by industrialized nations to environmental problems rely on hyper-efficient technologies, which if fully implemented, could further advance the displacement of well-paid job opportunities for many. While there are numerous ways to address economic inequality, there is growing interest in using some form of universal basic income (UBI) to enhance income and provide economic stability. However, these approaches rarely consider the potential environmental impact from the likely increase in aggregate demand for goods and services or consider ways to focus this demand on more sustainable forms of consumption. Based on the premise that the problems of income distribution and environmental sustainability must be addressed in an integrated and holistic way, this paper considers how a range of approaches to financing a UBI system, and a complementary market solution based on an ownership-broadening approach to inclusive capitalism, might advance or undermine strategies to improve environmental sustainability.

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“…However, this paper actually shows a different angle to see. For women employed in the type of jobs and employment sectors that are technological intensive, they may face higher risk to automatization [19]. However, it also means that they are in the type of jobs and employments that have better salaries because of ICT development.…”

Section: Findings Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Did Women Workers Get Benefit From Revolution 4.0?

Fuady¹,

Dewi²

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference of Democratisation in Southeast Asia (ICDeSA 2019)

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The development of information and communication technology (ICT) not only raises optimism for economic progress, but also concerns for the increasing level of economic inequality due to the technological nature of capital and skill-biased. There is also fear that the digital revolution will harm women workers. This paper aims to analyze how did women can get benefits from the ICT development in Indonesia's labor market. Using data obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics, we analyze distribution of women in labor forces, based on the type of jobs and employment sectors, to understand whether they are benefited or not from the ICT development. We found that distribution of women workers in the four type of jobs (namely (1) Professionals, Technicians and similar workers, (2) Leadership and Management Personnel, (3) Administrative and similar workers, and (4) Sales Workers) and the three sector of employment (namely (1) Finance, Insurance, Building or Land Rental Business, and Company Services, (2) Large Trade, Retail, Restaurants and Hotels, and (3) Buildings), is higher than men. These are the type of jobs and employment sectors that benefited from ICT development. So, although the level of use of technology (internet and mobile phones) among women is still low, Indonesian women in workforces are more benefited from the ICT development, than men.

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Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Robots and the gender pay gap in Europe

Robots and the gender pay gap in Europe

Universal Basic Income and Inclusive Capitalism: Consequences for Sustainability

How Did Women Workers Get Benefit From Revolution 4.0?

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