Is swimming able to maintain bone health and to minimize postmenopausal bone resorption?

Barreto, Tâmara Kelly Delgado Paes; Bizarria, Fabiana Soares; Coutinho, Marcos Paulo Galdino; Silveira, Patrícia Verçoza de Castro; Silva, Karina de Carvalho da; Esteves, Ana Cristina; Moraes, Sílvia Regina Arruda de

doi:10.1016/j.rbre.2014.03.005

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Not all swim studies in small animals are associated with bone gains (5,8,10,16,23,24,47). The inconsistent results of the effects of swimming exercise on bone among different studies are probably due to differences in study protocols, such as the duration of swimming exercise, animal species, and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of swimming exercise on bone structure in osteoporotic animal models have yet to be fully elucidated. We have identified several studies that have evaluated the effects of swimming exercise on protecting against ovariectomy-induced bone loss (5,16,20,41,47). Moreover, there is scarce detail regarding the changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture in these studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

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Ohnaru

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Swimming is generally considered ineffective for increasing bone mass in humans, at least compared with weight-bearing sports. However, swimming exercise has sometimes been shown to have a strong positive effect on bone mass in small animals. This study investigated the effects of swimming on bone mass, strength, and microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX or sham operations were performed on 18-wk-old female Fisher 344 rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham sedentary (Sham-CON), sham swimming exercised (Sham-SWI), OVX sedentary (OVX-CON), and OVX swimming exercised (OVX-SWI). Rats in exercise groups performed swimming in a water bath for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 12 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) in right femurs was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Three-dimensional trabecular architecture at the distal femoral metaphysis was analyzed using microcomputed tomography (μCT). Geometrical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone were evaluated in the midfemoral region using μCT. The biomechanical properties of femurs were analyzed using three-point bending. Femoral BMD was significantly decreased following ovariectomy. This change was suppressed by swimming. Trabecular bone thickness, number, and connectivity were decreased by ovariectomy, whereas structure model index (i.e., ratio of rod-like to plate-like trabeculae) increased. These changes were also suppressed by swimming exercise. Femurs displayed greater cortical width and maximum load in SWI groups than in CON groups. Together, these results demonstrate that swimming exercise drastically alleviated both OVX-induced decreases in bone mass and mechanical strength and the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture in rat models of osteoporosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

Sone

Ohnaru

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, not all swimming studies in animals have been associated with bone gains. [ 80 – 85 ] Bourrin et al [ 81 ] reported that swimming exercise for prolonged periods in growing rats exerted negative effects on both trabecular number and thickness of the distal femoral metaphysis. The exercise protocol used by Bourrin et al [ 81 ] comprised 6 hr/day of swimming, 5 days/week at the end of the experiment, roughly comparable to the regimen of collegiate swimmers at the peak of the training season.…”

Section: Effects Of Swimming Exercise On Trabecular Bone Microarchitecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all swimming studies in animals have been associated with bone gains. [80][81][82][83][84][85] Bourrin et al [81] reported that swimming exercise for prolonged periods in growing rats exerted negative effects on both trabecular number and thickness Fig. 4.…”

Section: Effects Of Swimming Exercise On Trabecular Bone Microarchitecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Types of Mechanical Loading on Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture in Rats

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2021

J Bone Metab

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Mechanical loading is generally considered to have a positive impact on the skeleton; however, not all types of mechanical loading have the same beneficial effect. Many researchers have investigated which types of mechanical loading are more effective for improving bone mass and strength. Among the various mechanical loads, high-impact loading, such as jumping, appears to be more beneficial for bones than low-impact loadings such as walking, running, or swimming. Therefore, the different forms of mechanical loading exerted by running, swimming, and jumping exercises may have different effects on bone adaptations. However, little is known about the relationships between the types of mechanical loading and their effects on trabecular bone structure. The purpose of this article is to review the recent reports on the effects of treadmill running, jumping, and swimming on the trabecular bone microarchitecture in small animals. The effects of loading on trabecular bone architecture appear to differ among these different exercises, as several reports have shown that jumping increases the trabecular bone mass by thickening the trabeculae, whereas treadmill running and swimming add to the trabecular bone mass by increasing the trabecular number, rather than the thickness. This suggests that different types of exercise promote gains in trabecular bone mass through different architectural patterns in small animals.

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Is swimming able to maintain bone health and to minimize postmenopausal bone resorption?

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

Effects of Different Types of Mechanical Loading on Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture in Rats

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