Is sugar-sweetened beverage consumption associated with increased fatness in children?

Johnson, Laura; Mander, Adrian P.; Jones, Louise; Emmett, Pauline M; Jebb, Susan A.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.05.005

Cited by 168 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In one study, SSB intake at age 5 or 7 years was not associated with TBFM at age 9 years (36) . However, the contradictory findings to our study may stem from several methodological differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors

Bigornia

LaValley

Noël

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To determine the prospective relationship between changes in sugarsweetened beverage (SSB) intake and central adiposity in older children. Design: Dietary intakes of children were obtained by 3 d food records at ages 10 and 13 years. Waist circumference (WC) and weight and height to determine BMI were measured at 10 and 13 years and total body fat mass (TBFM) at 13 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses were conducted using multivariable linear regression. Reporting errors were measured and participants were categorized as under-, plausible and over-reporters of dietary intakes. Setting: Community-based British cohort of children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Results: Among 2455 older children, increased SSB consumption from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with higher WC (standardized β = 0·020, P = 0·19), BMI (β = 0·028, P = 0·03) and TBFM (β = 0·017, P = 0·20) at 13 years. Effects were strengthened among plausible dietary reporters (n 1059): WC (β = 0·097, P < 0·001), BMI (β = 0·074, P < 0·001) and TBFM (β = 0·065, P = 0·003). The association between change in SSB and WC was weakened, but remained statistically significant after accounting for BMI (β = 0·042, P = 0·02) and TBFM (β = 0·048, P = 0·01). Conclusions: Higher consumption of SSB from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with a larger WC at age 13 years independent of differences in total adiposity. Accounting for dietary reporting errors strengthened associations. Our findings further support recommendations to limit intakes of SSB to reduce excess weight gain in children and suggest that SSB have an additional deleterious effect on central adiposity. Keywords Sugar-sweetened beverages Waist circumference Children ObesityObesity is a primary threat to public health. Childhood obesity strongly tracks with age (1) , raising the risk of mortality, CVD, certain cancers and osteoarthritis, as well as other conditions in adulthood (2)(3)(4)(5) . In adults a key driver of the metabolic consequences of excess fat is that located abdominally, or central adiposity, which predicts mortality and CVD independent of BMI (5)(6)(7) . Currently 32 % and 17 % of children and adolescents in the USA are overweight and obese, respectively (8) . Moreover, waist circumference (WC) of children has increased over time and some evidence suggests that the rate of increase in WC has outpaced that of BMI (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Therefore, it is paramount to identify modifiable risk factors of excess total and abdominal weight gain in children to help prevent or reverse obesity and its related co-morbidities both in childhood and later life.To date it remains unclear as to whether intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has specific effects

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Squashes and cordials were coded either as full volume, which includes syrup and added water, or as concentrate without water. Consistent with a previous ALPSAC study (36) , 140 g of water was assumed for every 40 g of concentrate to equal 180 g (1 cup). A serving of SSB was defined as 180 g.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors

Bigornia

LaValley

Noël

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Excessive consumption of simple sugars has been reported to promote the development of NAFLD in adults. A prospective association between dietary pattern, obesity, and metabolic complications has been reported by several studies in children (Johnson et al 2007a(Johnson et al , b, 2008Ambrosini et al 2012;Zelber-Sagi et al 2007). However, evidence relating dietary patterns to NAFLD is limited in the pediatric age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Influence of dietary pattern, physical activity, and I148M PNPLA3 on steatosis severity in at-risk adolescents

Nobili

Liccardo

Bedogni³

et al. 2014

Genes Nutr

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Evidence relating dietary patterns to obesity and related disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited in pediatric age. Aim of this study was to analyze the association between dietary patterns, obesity and development of severe steatosis and the metabolic syndrome in a series of children and adolescents referred for suspected NAFLD, and the interaction with the rs738409 I148M PNPLA3 polymorphism. Two hundred patients (112 females) had completed a food frequency and demographic questionnaire. Nearly 58 % were obese, and 32 % were overweight. Mild, moderate, and severe fatty liver was present in 60 (30 %), 87 (44 %), and 51 (26 %) participants, respectively. A great proportion of overweight/obese children and adolescents reported a correct dietary pattern. At multivariate ordinal regression analysis considering demographic, anthropometric, genetic, and behavioral determinants, the major determinant of steatosis severity was PNPLA3 I148M genotype (p \ 0.0001), followed by older age (p = 0.017), higher waist circumference (p = 0.016), and less time spent practising physical exercise (p = 0.034). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between PNPLA3 I148M and intake of sweetened beverages (p = 0.033) and of vegetables (p = 0.038).In conclusion, although dietary pattern was reportedly correct in at-risk overweight adolescents with NAFLD, we report a novel interaction between PNPLA3 I148M and dietary components with the severity of steatosis.

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“…Results in children have also been less than clear and sometimes conflicting. Ludwig et al (9) reported that consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks was associated with obesity in American children aged 11?7 years, whereas a British study (14) found no association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption at ages 5 and 7 years and fatness at age 9 years. Fruit juice consumption has also been linked to adiposity gain in overweight children and reducing fruit juice consumption has been suggested as a good strategy for preventing weight gain (15) , although this research focused on children from low-income families in America who were already overweight.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beverage consumption and BMI of British schoolchildren aged 9–13 years

Coppinger

Jeanes

Mitchell

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Adequate fluid intake has been well documented as important for health but whether it has adverse effects on overall energy and sugar intakes remains under debate. Many dietary studies continue to refrain from reporting on beverage consumption, which the present study aimed to address. Design: A cross-sectional survey investigated self-reported measures of dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. Setting: Primary and secondary schools in south-west London, UK. Subjects: Boys and girls (n 248) aged 9-13 years. Results: Boys consumed 10 % and girls consumed 9 % of their daily energy intake from beverages and most children had total sugar intakes greater than recommended. Beverages contributed between a quarter and a third of all sugars consumed, with boys aged 11-13 years consuming 32 % of their total sugar from beverages. There was a strong relationship between consumption of beverages and energy intake; however, there was no relationship between beverage type and either BMI or BMI Z-score. Fruit juices and smoothies were consumed most frequently by all girls and 9-10-year-old boys; boys aged 11-13 years preferred soft drinks and consumed more of their daily energy from soft drinks. Milk and plain water as beverages were less popular. Conclusions: Although current health promotion campaigns in schools merit the attention being given to improving hydration and reducing soft drinks consumption, it may be also important to educate children on the energy and sugar contents of all beverages. These include soft drinks, as well as fruit juices and smoothies, which are both popular and consumed regularly.

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Is sugar-sweetened beverage consumption associated with increased fatness in children?

Cited by 168 publications

References 35 publications

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors

Influence of dietary pattern, physical activity, and I148M PNPLA3 on steatosis severity in at-risk adolescents

Beverage consumption and BMI of British schoolchildren aged 9–13 years

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