Is sensor deployment using Gaussian distribution energy balanced?

Abstract

Energy is one of the scarcest resources in wireless sensor network (WSN). One fundamental way of conserving energy is judicious deployment of sensor nodes within the network area so that energy flow remains balanced throughout the network. Node deployment using Gaussian distribution is a standard practice and is widely acceptable when random deployment is used. Initially, an analysis is done to establish that Gaussian distribution based node deployment is not energy balanced. Standard deviation has been identified as the parameter responsible for energy balancing. A deployment strategy is proposed for energy balancing using customized Gaussian distribution by discretizing the standard deviation. Performance of the deployment scheme is evaluated in terms of energy balance and network lifetime. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deployment strategy significantly outperforms conventional Gaussian distribution based node deployment scheme in terms of the two performance metrics.

Lifetime maximizing clustering structure using archimedes' spiral based deployment in WSNs

“…Similar to [4], [5], we also consider that the procedure for cluster formation consists of two steps: the deployment of CHs and the assignment of MNs to CHs. The MNs whose distances from the sink fall in 1 …”

“…Nevertheless, the traffic from far away CHs needs to be relayed via CHs closer to the sink. Thus, CHs closer to the sink drain their energy reservoir faster than the other CHs, resulting in energy hole problem [1] that may effect the whole network leading to premature decrease in network lifetime. To avoid this, care should be taken during deployment such that energy dissipation in all nodes takes place uniformly ensuring load balancing throughout the network.…”

“…The rate of energy depletion in the network primarily depends on the deployment nature of the nodes. There are broadly two types of deployment categories in WSNs: random deployment and deterministic deployment [1]. Random deployment typically involves dropping of nodes usually from helicopter in physically inaccessible areas e.g., volcanoes, seismic zones, etc.…”

“…Random deployment typically involves dropping of nodes usually from helicopter in physically inaccessible areas e.g., volcanoes, seismic zones, etc. [1], [2], while in deterministic deployment, nodes are placed by hand at selected spots prior to network operation e.g., target tracking, urban monitoring etc. [1].…”

“…Now, for given and channel model(1), the over-the-air RF energy consumed for receiving one bit, , is given as:Under shortest path routing, the maximum number of links of an end-to-end path is N (i.e., maximum number of layers). Therefore, in order to generate the constraint on path reliability, p , the minimum link reliability must is a constant.…”