Is Selective Internal Spermatic Venography Necessary in Detecting Recurrent Varicocele after Surgical Repair?

Endovascular transcatheter embolization of recurrent postsurgical varicocele: anatomic reasons for surgical failure

“…Some authors recommend preoperative venography or preferably a non-invasive CT-angio or MR-angio imaging of GVs which should improve the outcomes of therapy. Unfortunately, in the majority of centers, such examinations are not performed due to financial or logistic reasons (23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Intratesticular arterial resistance and testicular volume in infertile men with subclinical varicocele

“…[2][3][4]7,8,13,15,16,18,27,[29][30][31][32] Change of venous diameter during Valsalva's maneuver also has been proposed as a diagnostic parameter. 4,11,25 Recently, the sum of venous diameters, 18 flow volume, 12 duration of retrograde flow, 13 and an increase in flow or retrograde flow during inspiration 11,16 have also been suggested as sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of varicocele.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] Since varicocele size does not correlate with testicular and seminal pathology, 6 diagnosis of subclinical varicoceles is important. While physical examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of clinical varicoceles, 7,8 venography is the gold standard for the subclinical form; however, venography invasive, requires specialized equipment, and carries a risk of morbidity. 7,9 Color Doppler sonography (CDUS) also accurately detects varicocele.…”

Résultats hémodynamiques et cliniques de la dissection, assistée par lunettes chirurgicales, des veines spermatiques au niveau de l’orifice inguinal interne

“…La chirurgie est la base th6rapeu-tique, et ses r6sultats peuvent 6tre 6valu6s par I'ECCD [5,18]. Plusieurs techniques chirurgicales ont 6t6 propos6es pour traiter la varicoc~le et routes ont des avantages et des d6savantages.…”